Names:
Ozone Questions
Matching:Match the correct term to its definition.
Chlorofluorocarbonsozone layerultraviolet radiation
1. Layer in the stratosphere containing ozone, which absorbs ultraviolet radiation ______
2. Type of energy from the sun that can be harmful in large amounts ______
3. Chemicals used in some aerosol sprays, refrigerants, and some foam products ______
True “T” or False “F”
___ 4. The kind of oxygen we breathe can absorb ultraviolet radiation.
___ 5. Scientists know exactly what is causing the ozone layer to disappear.
___ 6. Chlorofluorocarbons are making the ozone layer thicker.
___ 7. The ozone layer acts as a shield between ultraviolet radiation and us.
___ 8. Holes in the ozone layer have been found over Antarctica and the North Pole.
___ 9. Ozone molecules destroy chlorofluorocarbon molecules.
Fill in the blank: You can find the words in your readings.
(10) ______(03) is a gas that forms in the atmosphere when 3 atoms of (11) ______are combined.
The ozone layer is actually a band of gas located in the (12) ______that has especially high concentrations of ozone molecules. This band is found between (13) ______and (14) ______miles above the Earth's surface.
(15) ______exhaust and industrial emissions, gasoline vapors, and chemical solvents are some of the major sources of (16) ______and (17) ______, also known as ozone precursors. Strong (18) ______and hot weather cause (19) ______ozone to form in harmful concentrations in the air.
But this "(20) ______" ozone is gradually being destroyed by manmade chemicals called (21) ______(CFCs), halons, and other ozone depleting substances (used in coolants, foaming agents, fire extinguishers, and solvents).
One (22) ______or bromine molecule can destroy (23) ______ozone molecules, causing ozone to disappear much faster than nature can replace it.
Short Answer: Write correct answers to these questions on the back
24. What is the difference between “good” and “bad” ozone?
25. Why is the stratospheric ozone layer important for life on Earth?
26. How do CFC’s destroy stratospheric ozone?
Names:
Acid Rain Questions
Use the words to fill in the blanks.
acidic cars factoriessoil Midwest
basic nitrogen gaseswind sulfur
The amount of acid rain in an area depends on the number of (1) ______and (2) ______in the area. This is because they are the sources of (3) ______and (4) ______that become acid rain. Does acid rain fall where the pollution starts? It depends on the (5) ______, which sometimes carries the pollution away.
When acid rain does fall, the damage it does depends partly on the kind of (6) ______in the area. Some soils are already (7) ______, and plants that grow in them can't survive when more acid is added. Other soils are (8) ______, and the damage is less when acid rain falls on these. As a rule, soils in the (9) ______are basic and soils in the northeastern states are acidic.
Use the words to fill in the blanks.
sulfur coal-burning jobs
car exhaust public transportation car pooling
cost scrubber coal
Acid rain is created when moisture in the air combines with nitrogen oxide to form nitric acid.
Do you know what the main source of nitrogen oxide is? It comes from (10) ______. Two ways people can help to reduce nitric acid are by (11) ______and using (12) ______.
Another source of acid rain comes from (13) ______power plants that release (14) ______into the air. Power plants can help this situation in two ways. They can wash the (15) ______, and they can run the smoke through a (16) ______.
Why don't people insist that the power plants make their exhaust cleaner? Because the (17) ______of electricity would increase and because many people could lose their (18) ______.
Fill in the blank: Use the reading to find the term(s) to complete the sentences.
"Acid rain" is a broad term used to describe several ways that acids fall out of the atmosphere. A more precise term is (19) ______, which has two parts: (20) ______and (21) ______.
Wet deposition refers to acidic rain, fog, (22) ______, dew and (23) ______.
Acid rain, however, is the result of (24) ______and (25) ______entering the atmosphere.
Scientists have also confirmed that about 2/3 of all (26) ______(SO2) and 1/4 of all (27) ______(NOx) comes from (28) ______power generation that relies on burning fossil fuels like coal.
Acid rain is formed when these gases react in the atmosphere with (29) ______, oxygen, and other chemicals to form various acidic compounds. (30) ______increases the rate of most of these reactions. The result is a mild solution of (31) ______(H2SO4) and (32) ______(HNO3).
Normal rain is slightly (33) ______because carbon dioxide dissolves into it, so it has a pH of about (34) ______. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources investigators consider rain with pH less than (35) ______to be "acid rain." As of the year 2000, the most acidic rain falling in the US has a pH of about (36) ______.
A substance that is neither acidic nor basic is (37) ______.
The pH scale measures how (38) ______or (39) ______a substance is. It ranges from (40) ______to (41) ______. A pH of (42) ______is neutral. A pH less than 7 is (43) ______, and a pH greater than 7 is (44) ______
Wisconsin passed one of the first and strongest state acid rain control laws in the nation in (45)______, making the state a leader in acid rain policy. The law required Wisconsin's major electric utility companies to reduce their sulfur dioxide emissions by (46) ______percent from 1980 emission levels by 1993.
The most recent analysis of wet acid precipitation data (1990) indicates that the annual average pH in Wisconsin ranged from (47) ______in the southeast to (48) ______in the northwest. In contrast, the annual average pH in the early 1980s ranged from (49) ______in southeastern Wisconsin to (50) ______in the northwestern part of the state. The goal established in the state law is to raise the pH of the state's rain to (51) ______or greater across the state.
Short Answer:
52. What is acid rain?
53. Why should Baraboo be concerned about acid rain when we have so little air pollution?
54. How can acid rain have a negative impact on tourism and fishing in Wisconsin?
55. Why is acid rain considered to be an international problem?