China (People’s Republic of)
Total no. of Botanic Gardens recorded in the People’s Republic of China: 103.
Approx. no. of living plant accessions recorded in these botanic gardens: c.200,000
Approx. no. of taxa in these collections: 30,000 to 35,000 (c.25,000 spp.).
Estimated % of pre-CBD collections: 70% to 80%.
Notes: About 120 botanical gardens and arboreta have been established in China (103 described here). As of 1993 about 18,000 species of the Chinese flora ( c.30,000) are in cultivation in Chinese botanic gardens (800 species of special groups), which represents 65% of the total plant species of China and 332 rare and endangered plants (85% total species (389). From another source: 326 rare and threatened taxa are in cultivation in more than 20 botanic garden in China, with field genebanks of some species.
Location: BAOJI
Founded: 1985
Garden Name: Baoji Botanical Garden
Address: Urban Construction and Administration Bureau of Baoji, 5 Tanfu Road, Jiangtan Road, Baoji, Shanxi. 721008.
Status: Municipal
Herbarium: Unknown
Ex situ Collections:
Chrysanthemum, roses, lilies, tulips, conifers, and palms
No. of taxa: 2,000
Rare & Endangered plants: Unknown
Location: BAOTOU
Founded: Unknown
Garden Name: Baotou Horticulture & Tree Gardening Research Institute
Address: Qingnian Road 16, Kun District, BAOTOU 014010, Inner Mongolia.
Status: State
Herbarium: Unknown
Ex situ Collections:
Plants of Inner Mongolia with ornamental potential (14 spp. wild origin), Lonicera chrysantha, Philadelphus tenuifolius, Weigela paraecox, Prunus mongolica, Limonium bicolor, Aquilegia yalceana, Thalictrum petaloideum, Polygonum aukerdi, Ampelopsis aconitfolia, Calystegia dahurica.
No. of taxa: Unknown
Rare & Endangered plants: Unknown
Location: BEIJING
Founded: 1955
Garden Name: Beijing Botanical Garden
Address: Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiangshan, BEIJING, 100093.
Status: Government
Herbarium: YesApproximate no. of herbarium specimens: 2,400,000
Ex situ Collections:
Economic plants and ornamentals of northern China including fruits (crabapples 20 cvs.), timber trees, ornamentals (tree-peony 280 cvs), aromatic plants and medicinals. Cold-resistent grape cultivars, conifers, succulents and water lilies. Berberis, Fraxinus, Juniperus, Lilium, Lonicera, Malus, Paeonia, Populus, Rosa, Syringa, Ulmus, Viburnum. Seed bank with long-term storage facilities and includes 1,800 accessions representing 1,200 spp. (1994 figures).
No. of taxa: 5,000
Rare & Endangered plants: A collection of about 100 threatened plant species from China is maintained.
Location: BEIJING
Founded: 1956
Garden Name: Beijing (Northern) Botanical Garden
Address: Parks and Landscape Bureau of Beijing, Wo Fuo Si Road, Western Suburb, Beijing 1000093
Status: Municipal
Herbarium: YesApproximate no. of herbarium specimens: 2000
Ex situ Collections:
Paeonia, Viburnum, Lonicera, Prunus, fruit trees, ornamentals, Acer, Fraxinus, Juniperus, Malus, Paulownia, Pinus, Phyllostachys, Populus, Pyrus, Rosa, Salix, Sophora, Ulmus, Vitis.
No. of taxa: 2,700
Rare & Endangered plants: Unknown
Location: BEIJING
Founded: 1984
Garden Name: Medicinal Garden
Address: Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medicinal Sciences, WHO Collaborating Centre for Traditional Medicine, Xibewang, Haidian District, Dong Bei Wang, Beijing 100094.
Status: State
Herbarium: No
Ex situ Collections:
Medicinal plants both of foreign origin and wild source as raw materials (e.g. Dioscorea nipponica, Berberis poiretii), sweeteners (Glycyrrhiza uralensis), bitterness agent (Taraxacum mongolicum), health drink (Actinidia chinensis), tonics ( Panax ginseng), colouring (Hippophae rhamnoides), essential oils (Cinnamomum cassia, Magnolia liliflora).
No. of taxa: 1,300
Rare & Endangered plants: 62 spp. Coptis chinensis, Cistanche deserticola, Gastrodia elata, Astragalus spp., Mrystica fragrans
Location: BEIJING
Founded: Unknown
Garden Name: Beijing Medical University Botanic Garden
Address: Botany Department, College of Pharmacy, Beijing Medical University, Beijing 100083
Status: National University
Herbarium: YesApproximate no. of herbarium specimens: 16,000
Ex situ Collections:
No information available
No. of taxa: Unknown
Rare & Endangered plants: Unknown
Location: BEIJING
Founded: Unknown
Garden Name: The Botanical Garden
Address: Chinese Academy of Forestry, Wangshou Road, BEIJING.
Status: State
Herbarium: Unknown
Ex situ Collections:
No information available
No. of taxa: Unknown
Rare & Endangered plants: Unknown
Location: BEIJING
Founded: 1937
Garden Name: Botanic Garden of Beijing University
Address: Department of Biology, Beijing University, Beijing 100871
Status: University
Herbarium: YesApproximate no. of herbarium specimens: 50,000
Ex situ Collections:
No information available
No. of taxa: Unknown
Rare & Endangered plants: Unknown
Location: BEIJING
Founded: 1986
Garden Name: Botanical Garden of the Anhui Institute of Biology
Address: 60 West Section of Sui Xi Road, Hefei, Anhui, Beijing 230031
Status: State
Herbarium: Unknown
Ex situ Collections:
Trees, ornamental and economic plants
No. of taxa: 500
Rare & Endangered plants: Unknown
Location: BEIJING
Founded: 1956
Garden Name: Beijing Teaching Botanical Garden
Address. Education Bureau of Beijing, Longtanhu, Beijing 100061
Status: Educational
Herbarium: Unknown
Ex situ Collections:
No information available
No. of taxa: 553
Rare & Endangered plants: Unknown
Location: BEIJING
Founded: Unknown
Garden Name: Beijing Forestry University Botanic Garden
Address: Landscape Architecture Depatment, Forest Resources College, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083
Status: University
Herbarium: YesApproximate no. of herbarium specimens: 10,000
Ex situ Collections:
No information available
No. of taxa: Unknown
Rare & Endangered plants: Unknown
Location: CHANGCHUN
Founded: 1982
Garden Name: Jilin Changchun Forest Botanic Garden
Address: Jinyaotang, Changchun, JILIN 130022.
Status: Government
Herbarium: YesApproximate no. of herbarium specimens: 1,300
Ex situ Collections:
Pinaceae, Rosaceae, Caprifoliaceae, economic and ornamental plants and trees
No. of taxa: 725
Rare & Endangered plants: Unknown
Location: CHANGSHA
Founded: 1985
Garden Name: Hunan Forest Botanic Garden
Address: Forestry Department and the Committee of Science and Technology of Hunan Province, No 164 Shaoshan Road, Southern Suburbs, CHANGSHA 410116, Hunan.
Status: State
Herbarium: YesApproximate no. of herbarium specimens: 3,000
Ex situ Collections:
Davidia involucrata, Cathaya argyrophylla, Metasequioa glyptostroboides, Taiwania flousiana, Tsoongiodendron odorum, Gingko biloba, Eucommia ulmoides, Liriodendron chinese
No. of taxa: 1,000
Rare & Endangered plants: Yes
Location: CHENGDU
Founded: Unknown
Garden Name: Chengdu Arboretum
Address: Tianhuizhen, CHENGDU, Sichuan.
Status: Unknown
Herbarium: No
Ex situ Collections:
No information available
No. of taxa: Unknown
Rare & Endangered plants: Unknown
Location: CHENGDU
Founded: 1983
Garden Name: Chengdu Botanical Garden
Address: Parks and Landscape Bureau of Chengdu, Tianhui Town, Chengdu 610083, Sichuan Province
Status: Municipal
Herbarium: YesApproximate no. of herbarium specimens: 1,000
Ex situ Collections:
Conifers, Magnolia, plums, Camellia, Osmanthus, pears, oaks and Hibiscus
No. of taxa: 2,300
Rare & Endangered plants: Yes
Special Conservation Collections: 40 rare & endangered species.
Location: CHONGQING
Founded: 1985
Garden Name: Jinyunshan Botanical Garden
Address: Forstry Bureau of Chongqing, Beibei District, Chongqing 630702, Sichuan Province.
Status: Municipal
Herbarium: YesApproximate no. of herbarium specimens: 5,000
Ex situ Collections:
Ornamental, subtropical evergreen broadleaf forest spp., bamboos, shade, medicinal and aquatic plants
No. of taxa: 1,422
Rare & Endangered plants: Unknown
Location: CHONGQING
Founded: 1989
Garden Name: Chongqing Ornamental Plant Garden
Address: Parks and Landscape Bureau of Chongqing, Songshu Qiao, Jiangbei County, 631147, CHONGQING, Sichuan Province
Status: Municipal
Herbarium: Unknown
Ex situ Collections:
Camellia, Malus, Chaenomeles, Meratla, Rhododendron, Lagerstroemia, Primula, Hosta, Begonia, Hemerocallis
No. of taxa: 700
Rare & Endangered plants: Unknown
Location: DALIAN
Founded: Unknown
Garden Name: Dalian Botanical Garden of Ornamental Plants
Address: No. 39 Wanghai Street, Zhongshan District 116001, , Liaoning Province.
Status: Unknown
Herbarium: Unknown
Ex situ Collections:
No information available
No. of taxa: Unknown
Rare & Endangered plants: Unknown
Location: DENGKOU
Founded: 1986
Garden Name: Dengkou Psammophyte Botanical Garden
Address: Dengkou Experiment Bureau, Chinese Academy of Forestry Sciences
Status: Government
Herbarium: YesApproximate no. of herbarium specimens: 300 spp.
Ex situ Collections:
Sand plants, pines, economic plants, sand scrub and tamarisk demonstration plot
No. of taxa: 300
Rare & Endangered plants: Unknown
Special Conservation Collections: Calligonum, Tamarix, Caragana, Rosa, Hedysarum and Haloxylon
Location: DIQING
Founded: Unknown
Garden Name: Weixi Snow Hilly Botanical Garden
Address: DIQING 674600, Yunnan Province
Status: Unknown.
Herbarium: Unknown.
Ex situ Collections:
No information available.
No. of taxa: Unknown
Rare & Endangered plants: Unknown.
Location: DONGFENG
Founded: 1977
Garden Name: Dongfeng Forest Farm
Address: Li Ping County, Gui Zhon Province.
Status: Unknown.
Herbarium: YesApproximate no. of herbarium specimens: 2,000
Ex situ Collections:
410 collections.
No. of taxa: Unknown
Rare & Endangered plants:
Special Conservation Collections: 29 collections.
Location: FENYI
Founded: 1980
Garden Name: Dagangshan Arboretum
Address: Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fenyi County, Jiangxi 336600
Status: Government
Herbarium: YesApproximate no. of herbarium specimens: 10,000
Ex situ Collections:
Trees for afforestation, field gene banks
No. of taxa: 1,000
Rare & Endangered plants: Unknown
Location: FUJIAN
Founded: Unknown
Garden Name: Fujian Subtropical Economic Plant Institute
Address: Fujian.
Status: Unknown
Herbarium: Unknown
Ex situ Collections:
No information available
No. of taxa: Unknown
Rare & Endangered plants: Unknown
Location: FUYANG
Founded: 1964
Garden Name: Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry
Address: Chinese Academy of Forestry, FUYANG, Zhejiang.
Status: Educational Establishment
Herbarium: Unknown
Ex situ Collections:
Bamboo, Magnolia, exotic pines and Cupressus
No. of taxa: Unknown
Rare & Endangered plants:20 taxa
Location: GUANGDONG
Founded: 1958
Garden Name: Hainan Botanical Garden of Tropical Economic Plants
Address: Institute of Tropical Horticulture South China Academy of Tropical Crops, Baodao Xincun, Danxian County, Hainan Island, 571737 GUANGDONG.
Status: State
Herbarium: YesApproximate no. of herbarium specimens: 2,000
Ex situ Collections:
Woody plants, tropical spices, medicinal plants, tropical fruits, oil-bearing plants, ornamental. Special collections of Vatica, Hopea, Barringtonia, Tarrietia, Dacrydium.
No. of taxa: 1,220
Rare & Endangered plants: 152 endangered spp. in cultivation.
Special Cconservation collections of endangered plants of Hainan Island e.g. Madhuca and Homalium.
Location: GUANGXI
Founded: 1959
Garden Name: Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants
Address: Maoqiao, Nanning 530023, GUANGXI., Guangxi Province.
Status: State.
Herbarium: Unknown
Ex situ Collections:
Endemic drug plants of Guangxi, medicinal plants (including woody, shade, climbing, herbaceous plants). Also contains a zoo of medicinal animals.
No. of taxa: 2,130
Rare & Endangered plants: Unknown
Location: GUANGXI
Founded: 1981
Garden Name: Guangxi Karst Arboretum
Address: Guangxi Daqingshan Experiment Bureau, Chinese Academy of Forestry Sciences, Pingxiang, Guangxi 532600
Status: State
Herbarium: Unknown
Ex situ Collections:
Trees of Karst area
No. of taxa: 560
Rare & Endangered plants: Unknown
Location: GUANGZHOU
Founded: 1958
Garden Name: South China Botanical Garden
Address: Academia Sinica, Longyandong, GUANGZHOU (Canton), Guangdong 510520.
Status: Educational Establishment
Herbarium: YesApproximate no. of herbarium specimens: 80,000.
Ex situ Collections:
Cycads, conifers, orchids, bamboos, palms, aquatic plants, ferns, exotic trees, Zingiberaceae, Magnoliaceae (+100 spp.), Flora of South China, economic plants, medicinal plants, native woody plants of the region. Oil trees for industrial uses (eg. Sapium sebiferum). Air pollution-tolerant plants. A seed list is produced regularly.
No. of taxa: 5,000
Rare & Endangered plants: Yes. A special garden of plants valuable for environmental protection is maintained. It contains more than 165 spp.
Location: GUANGZHOU
Founded: Unknown
Garden Name: South China Agricultural University Arboretum
Address: Forestry Department, South China Agricultural University, Shi-Pai, Guangzhou Guangdong
Status: University
Herbarium: YesApproximate no. of herbarium specimens: 30,000
Ex situ Collections:
No information available
No. of taxa: Unknown
Rare & Endangered plants: Unknown
Location: GUILIN
Founded: 1958
Garden Name:Guilin Botanical Garden
Address: Yanshan, GUILIN (Kweilein), Guangxi.
Status: State.
Herbarium: Yes.Approximate no. of herbarium specimens: 330,000
Ex situ Collections:
Guangxi economic and ornamental plants, native plants of limestone hills, Osmanthus fragrans, Momordica grosovenosi, palms, conifers, monocots, woody climbers, camellias, rhododendrons.
No. of taxa: 2,000
Rare & Endangered plants: 180 spp. 67 spp.of Guangxi Region in Guilin Botanical Garden and Guangxi Botanical Garden e.g. Cathaya argyrophylla, Camellia chrysantha, Garcinia paucinervis, Burretiodendron hsienmu, Keteleeria calcarea, K. pubescens, Cleidocarpon cavaleriei and Zenia insignis
Location: GUIYANG
Founded: 1964
Garden Name: Botanical Garden of Guizhou
Address: Academy of Sciences of Guizhou, Liuchongguan, Guiyang 550001, Guizhou Province.
Status: State.
Herbarium: YesApproximate no. of herbarium specimens: 100,000
Ex situ Collections:
Rhododendron, Magnoliaceae (45 spp.), Rosa roxburghii, and other Rosa spp., Rubus (55 spp.& 7 vars) Paeonia, Pinus, Dendrobium, Gastrodia, Camellia, fruits (120 spp.), Actinidia (13 spp.), bamboos, ornamentals, medicinal plants (1,000 spp.), arboretum.
No. of taxa: +2,500 (800 genera, 190 families)
Rare & Endangered plants: special conservation collections of the following species, Cathaya argyrophylla, C. spinulosa, Davidia involucrata, Camellia luteoflora, Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Pterostyrax psilophylla, Pinus massoniana, Tsoongiodendron orum, Keteleeria davidiana, Taiwania flousiana.
Location: GUIYANG
Founded: 1963
Garden Name: Arboretum of Guizhou Institute of Forestry Science
Address: Ba Gongli, Guiyang 550011, Guizhou.
Status: State
Herbarium: Unknown
Ex situ Collections:
Pinaceae, Sequioa , Metasequioa, Cupressaceae, Podocarpus, Magnoliaceae, Lauraceae, Bretschneidera, Aesculus, Nyssaceae, Styracaceae, Emmenopterys.
No. of taxa: 355
Rare & Endangered plants: Yes
Location: GUIYANG
Founded: 1984
Garden Name: Guiyang Medicinal Botanical Garden
Address: Guiyang Commission of Science and Technology, Shachong Road, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002
Status: State
Herbarium: Unknown
Ex situ Collections:
Medicinal plants, Damascus roses, Dendrobium, Pinellia
No. of taxa: 800
Rare & Endangered plants: Unknown
Location: HAINAN
Founded: 1960
Garden Name: Arboretum of Hainan Institue of Forestry Science
Address: Hainan Institue of Forestry Science, Fengmu Town, Tunchang county, Hainan 571627
Status: State
Herbarium: YesApproximate no. of herbarium specimens: 2,100
Ex situ Collections:
Endemic to Hainan (75 spp.)
No. of taxa: 800
Rare & Endangered plants: Endemic to Hainan (52 spp.) China (8 spp.)
Location: HAINAN
Founded: 1964
Garden Name: Arboretum Tropical Forestry Institute
Address: Chinese Forestry Academy, Loudong County, Hainan Province.
Status: Unknown
Herbarium: No
Ex situ Collections:
No information available
No. of taxa: Unknown
Rare & Endangered plants: Unknown
Location: HANGZHOU
Founded: 1956
Garden Name: Hangzhou Botanical Garden
Address: Yuquan, HANGZHOU 310013, Zhejiang.
Status: Municipal
Herbarium: YesApproximate no. of herbarium specimens: 72,000
Ex situ Collections:
Acer, Camellia, Carpinus, Cinnamomum, Dioscorea, Magnolia, Osmanthus, Phyllostachys, Rhododendron, Rosa. Economic plants, ornamentals, bamboos, herbs and medicinal plants.
No. of taxa: 3,500
Rare & Endangered plants: 100 spp. Collection of threatened plants of Zhejiang Province (55 nationally threatened spp.)
Special conservation collections include 94 species; 47 rare and endangered in China.
Location: HANGZHOU
Founded: Unknown
Garden Name: Hangzhou Medicinal Herb Garden
Address: Hangzhou Institute of Medicine, No. 133 Xixi Road, HANGZHOU, Zhejiang Province 310023.
Status: State.
Herbarium: Unknown
Ex situ Collections:
No information available
No. of taxa: Unknown
Rare & Endangered plants: Unknown
Location: HANGZHOU
Founded: 1927
Garden Name: Botanical Garden of the Zhejiang Agricultural University
Address: Hangzhou Zhejiang 310029
Status: State
Herbarium: YesApproximate no. of herbarium specimens: 22,000
Ex situ Collections:
Subtropical plants
No. of taxa: 1,350
Rare & Endangered plants: Unknown
Location: HANGZHOU
Founded: 1985
Garden Name: Zhejiang Bamboo Botanical Garden
Address: Zhejiang Institute of Forestry Sciences, Liuxia Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023
Status: State
Herbarium: YesApproximate no. of herbarium specimens: 25,000
Ex situ Collections:
Bamboo collection: Acidosasa, Arundinaria, Bambusa, Bashania, Chimonbambusa, Fargesia, Indocalamus, Indosasa, Oreoclamus, Phyllostachys, Pleioblastus, Pseudosasa, Sinobambusa
No. of taxa: 222 spp.
Rare & Endangered plants: Unknown
Location: HARBIN
Founded: 1958.
Garden Name: Heilongjiang Forest Botanical Garden
Address: Forestry Department of Heilongjiang Province, Ha Ping Road, Dongli District, HARBIN 150040, Heilongjiang Province.
Status: State.
Herbarium: Yes.Approximate no. of herbarium specimens: 100,000.
Ex situ Collections:
Special collections of Acer, Betula, Lonicera, Panax, Populus, Pinus, Salix and Spiraea, economic plants, forest trees. Seed list produced.
No. of taxa: c.1,100.
Rare & Endangered plants: Yes
Special Conservation Collections: 13 spp. Acanthopanax senticosus, Astragalus membranaceus, Chosenia arbutifolia, Empetrum nigrum var. japonicum, Fraxinus mandshurica, Fritillaria ussuriensis, Juglans mandshurica, Panax ginseng, Pinus higganensis, P. sylvestris var. mongolica, P. ussuriensis, Glycine soja, Phellodendron amurense.
Location: HEFEI
Founded: Unknown
Garden Name: Dashushan Botanical Garden
Address: HEFEI, Anhui.
Status: Unknown
Herbarium: Unknown
Ex situ Collections:
No information available
No. of taxa: Unknown
Rare & Endangered plants: Unknown
Location: HEFEI
Founded: 1987
Garden Name: Hefei Botanical Garden
Address: Parks and Landscape Bureau of Hefei, West Suburb, Hehuai Road, HEFEI 230031, Anhui Province
Status: State
Herbarium: Unknown
Ex situ Collections:
Conifers, Magnolia, Prunus mume, Lindra,Quercus, Acer and Lonicera.
No. of taxa: 2,000
Rare & Endangered plants: Unknown
Location: HUHHOT
Founded: 1956
Garden Name: Huhhot Arboretum
Address: Inner Mongolia Academy of Forestry Sciences, HUHHOT, Inner Mongolia 010010.
Status: State
Herbarium: YesApproximate no. of herbarium specimens: 2,000
Ex situ Collections:
Pines, spruces, elms, leguminous shrubs and tamarisks
No. of taxa: 450
Rare & Endangered plants: Yes, e.g. Syringa pinnatifolia var. alashanensis, Acer stenolobium var. megalophyllum
Location: HUNAN
Founded: 1978
Garden Name: Nanyue Arboretum
Address: Forestry Department of Hunan Province, Hengyang 421900, HUNAN Province.
Status: State.
Herbarium: YesApproximate no. of herbarium specimens: 20,000
Ex situ Collections:
Woody plants of the Hunan Province. Special collections of Pinus, Castanopsis, Magnolia, Michelia, Ilex, Cinnamomum, Actinidia, Camellia, Phyllostachys. Also woody plants from Europe, North America and Japan. Gymnosperms, including species of the Cephalotaxaceae, Taxaceae, Popocarpaceae, Pinaceae, Taxodiaceae, Cupressaceae, Cycadaceae and Ginkgoaceae. Angiosperm families represented include Fagaceae, Magnoliaceae (48 spp.), Rosaceae, Theaceae, Styracaceae, Elaeocarpaceae and Aceraceae. Cultivars of woody flowering species, including Camellia, plum blossom, chinese rose, myrtle, lotus, pomegranate, Hypericum and Viburnum. Notable trees in the collection include Bretschneidera sinensis, Quercus variabilis, Castanopsis sclerophylla, Castanea henryi, C. mollissima, Liquidambar formosana, Cinnamomum longipaniculatum, C. porrectum, Nyssa sinensis and Liriodendron chinense.
No. of taxa: c.2,000 (about 20,000 accessions)
Rare & Endangered plants: 65 spp. China and 57 rare and endangered plants from Hunan province, such as Gleditsia vestita, Cathaya argyrophylla, Davidia involucrata and D. involucrata var. vilmoriniana, Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Taiwania flousiana, Camellia chrysantha, Parakmeria lotungensis, Tsoongiodendron odorum, Manglietia insignis, Tapiscia sinensis, Emmenopterys henryi, Euptelea pleiospermum, Tetracentron sinensis, Bretschneidera sinensis, Dendropanax chevalieri, Cercidiphyllum japonicum, Disanthus cercidifolius var. longipes, Fokienia hodginsii, Pseudolarix amabilis, Keteleeria pubescens, Pinus kwangtungensis, Pseudotsuga sinensis, Tsuga chinensis var. tchekiangensis and T. longibracteata.
Location: HUNJIANG
Founded: 1981
Garden Name: Hunjiang Arboretum
Address: Institute of Forestry Science, Hunjiang, Jilin 134302
Status: Government
Herbarium: YesApproximate no. of herbarium specimens: 280
Ex situ Collections:
Woody plants (182 spp.) and herbaceous plants (200 spp.). Vaccinium, Taxus cuspidata, Picea crassifolia, Phellodendron amurense, Fraxinus mandshurica, Tilia mandshurica, Pinus koraiensis, Platycladus changbainensis and Kalopanax pictus