Children and Young People 85, 86, 87, 112, 113, 114, 119, 126, 127, 140, 144, 180, 199
CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE <85>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2005509699
Authors Schindler A. Thomasius R. Sack P.-M. Gemeinhardt B. Kustner U. Eckert J.
Institution
(Schindler, Thomasius, Sack, Gemeinhardt, Kustner) University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany.
(Eckert) University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Attachment and substance use disorders: A review of the literature and a study in a drug dependent adolescents.
Source
Attachment and Human Development. 7(3)(pp 207-228), 2005. Date of Publication: Sep 2005.
Abstract
Earlier studies on attachment and substance use disorders using the Hazan and Shaver (1987) self-report mainly indicate a link with "avoidant" attachment styles. Studies working with the Adult Attachment Interview (Main & Goldwyn, 1998) have produced inconsistent results. The present study used the Bartholomew (1990) interview coding system to assess attachment in a sample of 71 German opiate using, drug dependent adolescents (DDAs, age 14-25) and 39 non-clinical controls. Fearful attachment was predominant in DDAs, while controls were predominantly secure. Severity of drug use, as assessed with the European Addiction Severity Index (Gsellhofer, Fahrner, & Platt, 1994) and urinalyses, was positively correlated with fearful attachment, but negatively correlated with dismissing attachment. The presence of comorbid psychiatric disorders was associated with fearful attachment but not with addiction severity. copyright 2005 Taylor & Francis.
ISSN 1461-6734
Publication Type Journal: Review
Journal Name Attachment and Human Development
Volume 7
Issue Part 3
Page 207-228
Year of Publication 2005
Date of Publication Sep 2005
CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE <86>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2005509488
Authors McCrystal P. Higgins K. Percy A.
Institution
(McCrystal, Higgins, Percy) Queen's University Belfast, 5A Lennoxvale, Belfast BT9 5BY, United Kingdom.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Drug use amongst 12- and 13-year-olds attending emotional and behavioural difficulty units in Belfast.
Source
Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties. 10(3)(pp 203-218), 2005. Date of Publication: Sep 2005.
Abstract
This article reports on the findings from a survey of 12- and 13-year-old young people with statements of special educational needs who are attending emotional and behavioural difficulty units in Belfast. The existing literature in the area of special education suggests that a gap in contemporary empirical evidence for drug use behaviours of adolescents attending EBD units and other special educational facilities exists at present. In attempting to redress this knowledge gap, the findings from the present study support the opinions of commentators in the field that young people attending EBD units are at a high risk of illicit drug use in comparison with their contemporaries in mainstream school. copyright SEBDA 2005 SAGE Publications.
ISSN 1363-2752
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties
Volume 10
Issue Part 3
Page 203-218
Year of Publication 2005
Date of Publication Sep 2005
CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE <87>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2005508947
Authors Gray E. McCambridge J. Strang J.
Institution
(Gray, McCambridge, Strang) National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, 4 Windsor Walk, Camberwell, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
The effectiveness of Motivational Interviewing delivered by youth workers in reducing drinking, cigarette and cannabis smoking among youth people: Quasi-experimental pilot study.
Source
Alcohol and Alcoholism. 40(6)(pp 535-539), 2005. Date of Publication: Nov 2005.
Abstract
Aim: To test whether a single session of Motivational Interviewing (MI) focussing on drinking alcohol, and cigarette and cannabis smoking, would successfully lead to reductions in use or problems. Methods: Naturalistic quasi-experimental study, in 162 young people (mean age 17 years) who were daily cigarette smokers, weekly drinkers or weekly cannabis smokers, comparing 59 receiving MI with 103 non-intervention assessment-only controls. MI was delivered in a single session by youth workers or by the first author. Assessment was made of changes in self-reported cigarette, alcohol, cannabis use and related indicators of risk and problems between recruitment and after 3 months by self-completion questionnaire. Results: 87% of subjects (141 of 162) were followed up. The most substantial evidence of benefit was achieved in relation to alcohol consumption, with those receiving MI drinking on average two days per month less than controls after 3 months. Weaker evidences of impact on cigarette smoking, and no evidence of impact on cannabis use, were obtained. Conclusions: Evidence of effectiveness for the delivery of MI by youth workers in routine conditions has been identified. However, the extent of benefit is much more modest than previously identified in efficacy studies. copyright The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Medical Council on Alcohol. All rights reserved.
ISSN 0735-0414
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Alcohol and Alcoholism
Volume 40
Issue Part 6
Page 535-539
Year of Publication 2005
Date of Publication Nov 2005
CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE <112>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2005462230
Authors Callaghan R.C. Hathaway A. Cunningham J.A. Vettese L.C. Wyatt S. Taylor L.
Institution
(Callaghan, Hathaway, Cunningham, Vettese, Taylor) Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, Ont. M5S 2S1, Canada.
(Callaghan, Wyatt) Northern Health Authority, Canada.
(Callaghan) Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, Ont. 2S1, Canada.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Does stage-of-change predict dropout in a culturally diverse sample of adolescents admitted to inpatient substance-abuse treatment? A test of the Transtheoretical Model.
Source
Addictive Behaviors. 30(9)(pp 1834-1847), 2005. Date of Publication: Oct 2005.
Abstract
The Transtheoretical Model (TTM) (Prochaska, Diclemente, & Norcross, 1992) proposes that the stages-of-change construct can serve as useful tool for identifying those most at-risk of treatment dropout [Prochaska, J. O. (1999). How do people change, and how can we change to help many more people? In M. A. Hubble, B. L. Duncan, & S. D. Miller (Eds.), The heart and soul of change (pp. 227-255). Washington: American Psychological Association]. While researchers have found mixed support for this claim in adult samples, studies have not yet tested this issue in adolescent substance-abuse treatment settings. This paper reports findings from a Canadian study of adolescents (n = 130: 80 Caucasians, 50 Aboriginals) admitted to a hospital-based, residential substance-abuse treatment program. Two approaches were used to test the TTM's claim: (1) a hierarchical logistic regression model of dropout was developed using the subscales of the University of Rhode Island Change Assessment instrument (URICA), demographic variables, and subscales of the Addiction Severity Index (ASI); and (2) a chi-square analysis was employed to test the hypothesized relation between stage-of-change and dropout status. The findings demonstrated that the best predictive model of dropout included only the Precontemplation subscale of the URICA (OR: 4.3; 95% CI: 2.0-9.0). In addition, adolescents assigned to the Precontemplation stage manifested significantly higher rates of treatment attrition than individuals in the Contemplation or Preparation/Action stages. This study provides important empirical support for the predictive utility of the stage-of-change construct among a culturally diverse sample of adolescents admitted to an inpatient substance-abuse treatment program. copyright 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
ISSN 0306-4603
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Addictive Behaviors
Volume 30
Issue Part 9
Page 1834-1847
Year of Publication 2005
Date of Publication Oct 2005
CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE <113>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2005462229
Authors Cornelius J.R. Clark D.B. Bukstein O.G. Birmaher B. Salloum I.M. Brown S.A.
Institution
(Cornelius, Clark, Bukstein, Birmaher, Salloum, Brown) Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Acute phase and five-year follow-up study of fluoxetine in adolescents with major depression and a comorbid substance use disorder: A review.
Source
Addictive Behaviors. 30(9)(pp 1824-1833), 2005. Date of Publication: Oct 2005.
Abstract
This paper reviews the results of an acute phase trial and a five-year follow-up study of fluoxetine in adolescents with major depression and a substance use disorder (SUD). This study included a 12-week open label acute phase study of 13 comorbid adolescents, followed by comprehensive assessments conducted 1, 3, and 5 years after entry into an acute phase fluoxetine trial. The results of the acute phase study and of the 1, 3, and 5-year follow-up assessments have already been published in four papers. The current paper was designed to cover the results of the study across the entire 5-year time spectrum of the study, and to summarize the clinical results across that entire time period. The data from this pilot study suggest that the long-term (5-year) clinical course for the Alcohol Dependence, Cannabis Dependence, and academic functioning of comorbid adolescents following acute phase treatment with SSRIs is generally good. However, the long-term clinical course for the Major Depression of that comorbid adolescent population is surprisingly poor. copyright 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
ISSN 0306-4603
Publication Type Journal: Conference Paper
Journal Name Addictive Behaviors
Volume 30
Issue Part 9
Page 1824-1833
Year of Publication 2005
Date of Publication Oct 2005
CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE <114>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2005462228
Authors Ramo D.E. Anderson K.G. Tate S.R. Brown S.A.
Institution
(Ramo) San Diego State University, University of California, San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, United States.
(Anderson) Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, United States.
(Tate, Brown) Veteran's Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, United States.
(Brown) Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, United States.
(Brown) Department of Psychology, McGill Hall, MC 0109, 9500 Gilman Drive, San Diego, CA 92093-0109, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Characteristics of relapse to substance use in comorbid adolescents.
Source
Addictive Behaviors. 30(9)(pp 1811-1823), 2005. Date of Publication: Oct 2005.
Abstract
This study examined the factors associated with the relapse process for substance use disordered (SUD) youth with comorbid psychiatric disorders. Temporal and situational characteristics as well as psychiatric symptoms, self-efficacy, and developmentally relevant experiences preceding first relapse after treatment were evaluated as part of a youth focused addiction relapse model. Method: Adolescents (N = 81) with a DSM-III-R substance use disorder (SUD) and another Axis I psychiatric disorder were recruited from inpatient substance abuse and psychiatric treatment. Face-to-face interviews were conducted while youth were in treatment and monthly telephone interviews were conducted in the six months following treatment to ascertain length of time to first substance use episode and characteristics of the episode. Results: Youth who relapsed within the first month were more likely to report use of drugs other than alcohol or marijuana in their first use, while use among late relapsers was more often preceded by direct social pressure to use. Those relapsing in the first 3 days after treatment were less likely to view substance use as a problem and less likely to report passive emotional states (e.g., boredom) prior to use. Psychiatric symptoms were associated with relapse in conflict/life stress, negative emotional states and active emotional states. Self-efficacy was related to relapse among youth with conflict/life stress, and when youth were experiencing a desire to use in the two weeks prior to relapsing. Conclusions: Findings highlight some of the factors that are most important in understanding the process of relapse in comorbid adolescents. Research and treatment implications are discussed. copyright 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
ISSN 0306-4603
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Addictive Behaviors
Volume 30
Issue Part 9
Page 1811-1823
Year of Publication 2005
Date of Publication Oct 2005
CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE <119>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2005461711
Authors Freeman D. Brucks M. Wallendorf M.
Institution
(Freeman) Department of Business Administration, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States.
(Brucks, Wallendorf) Department of Marketing, University of Arizona, United States.
(Freeman) Department of Business Administration, Lerner College of Business and Economics, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Young children's understandings of cigarette smoking.
Source
Addiction. 100(10)(pp 1537-1545), 2005. Date of Publication: Oct 2005.
Abstract
Aims: We explore young children's attitudes toward, beliefs about, and life-style associations with cigarette smoking using direct and indirect measures. Design, setting and participants: Second (n = 100) and fifth grade (n = 141) elementary school students (i.e. 7-8 and 10-11-year-olds) were excused from class and individually interviewed. Methods: Participants selected pictures in response to the questions: who would like to smoke cigarettes the most and who would like to smoke cigarettes the least? Their picture choices were probed using open-ended prompts designed to elicit the beliefs and life-style associations underlying their choices. Survey-based measures of attitudes and beliefs were also collected. Findings: Second graders reported life-style associations with cigarette smoking that were consistent with those of fifth graders. While their associations with smoking are generally negative, children appear to perceive that others feel that smoking makes them look cool and feel cool and also helps them to fit in. By fifth grade, many children believe that smoking can help to reduce stress and alleviate negative mood states. The presence of a smoker in the household does not appear to affect these associations, suggesting that they may be being shaped by external socialization agents. Conclusion: Young children appear to be developing understandings of cigarette smoking that go beyond knowing that cigarettes are products that are smoked. As some of their perceptions appear likely to predispose them for future experimentation, young children need to be included in prevention research so that age-appropriate interventions can be developed. copyright 2005 Society for the Study of Addiction.
ISSN 0965-2140
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Addiction
Volume 100
Issue Part 10
Page 1537-1545
Year of Publication 2005
Date of Publication Oct 2005
CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE <126>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2005461704
Authors Van Der Vorst H. Engels R.C.M.E. Meeus W. Dekovic M. Van Leeuwe J.
Institution
(Van Der Vorst, Engels, Van Leeuwe) Institute of Family and Child Care Studies, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
(Meeus, Dekovic) Department of Child and Adolescent Studies, Utrecht University, Netherlands.
(Van Der Vorst) Institute of Family and Child Care Studies, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, Netherlands.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
The role of alcohol-specific socialization in adolescents' drinking behaviour.
Source
Addiction. 100(10)(pp 1464-1476), 2005. Date of Publication: Oct 2005.
Abstract
Aims: To determine which alcohol-specific socialization practices are related to adolescents' alcohol use, and to investigate whether parents differ in their alcohol-specific socialization towards their children. Design: In a sample of 428 families, both parents and two adolescents (aged 13-16 years) completed a questionnaire at home about alcohol-specific parenting and their own alcohol use. Based on the reports of each family member, three different models of alcohol-specific socialization were formulated: from the perspective of the siblings, the mother and the father. Findings: Results of structural equation modelling generally showed the same associations between alcohol-specific socialization and drinking of younger and older adolescents. The strongest association was found for providing alcohol-specific rules. Applying strict rules about alcohol use was negatively related to adolescents' alcohol use; this was also the case for having confidence in the effectiveness of alcohol-specific socialization. Unexpectedly, frequency of communication about alcohol issues was positively associated with alcohol consumption of adolescents. Conclusions: This study is one of the first to examine associations between alcohol-specific socialization and adolescents' drinking using a between- and a within-family design. Results showed strong associations between alcohol-specific socialization (particularly of enforcing rules) and adolescent alcohol use. Although parents strongly differentiated their socialization practices between children, no differences in associations between alcohol-specific socialization and drinking were found between older and younger adolescents. copyright 2005 Society for the Study of Addiction.
ISSN 0965-2140
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Addiction
Volume 100
Issue Part 10
Page 1464-1476
Year of Publication 2005
Date of Publication Oct 2005
CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE <127>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2005461703
Authors Amundsen E.J. Rossow I. Skurtveit S.
Institution
(Amundsen, Rossow) Norwegian Institute for Alcohol and Drug Research, Oslo, Norway.
(Skurtveit) Division of Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
(Amundsen) Norwegian Institute for Alcohol and Drug Research, PO Box 565 Sentrum, NO-0105 Oslo, Norway.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Drinking pattern among adolescents with immigrant and Norwegian backgrounds: A two-way influence?
Source
Addiction. 100(10)(pp 1453-1463), 2005. Date of Publication: Oct 2005.
Abstract
Aims: To assess the association between drinking behaviour among adolescents with both immigrant and native backgrounds with aspects of acculturation. Design: Cross-sectional school survey among 15-16 year olds. Setting and participants: All students, a total of 8361, in 10th grade during spring 2000 and 2001 in Oslo, Norway with response rate 88.3%. The sample consisted of 1213 students with an immigrant background and 4627 students with a Norwegian background. Measurements: Indicators of the length of the acculturation process were assessed as first versus second generation and in terms of length of stay in Norway. The proportion of Muslim students in school was an indicator of social environment 'dryness'. Drinking behaviour was assessed as drinking alcohol ever, drinking frequency and intoxication frequency. Findings: A smaller proportion of immigrant students were current drinkers, frequent drinkers and drank to intoxication compared with adolescents with a Norwegian background. Adjusted two-level analyses showed that alcohol drinking was less common among immigrant students with a short stay in Norway and with a large proportion of Muslim students in school. In those with a Norwegian background there was a larger proportion of abstainers, and those who drank did so less frequently and were less frequently intoxicated the larger the proportion of Muslim students there was in their school. Conclusion: Drinking behaviour among adolescents in a multicultural and heterogeneous society seems to reflect a bi-directional acculturation process where the majority population tend to adapt to the behaviours of the immigrant population which in turn, to a varying degree, tends to adapt to the behaviour of the majority population. copyright 2005 Society for the Study of Addiction.