Children and Young People 2009 596
CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE 2009<96>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 0020180668
Authors Jaffee W.B. Bailey G.L. Lohman M. Riggs P. McDonald L. Weiss R.D.
Institution
(Jaffee, Bailey, Lohman, Riggs, McDonald, Weiss) McleanHospital, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts, USA.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Methods of recruiting adolescents with psychiatric and substance use disorders for a clinical trial.
Source
The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse. 35(5)(pp 381-384), 2009. Date of Publication: 2009.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The present article reports on recruiting strategies in a 16-week, multi-site trial of osmotic-release methylphenidate combined with cognitive-behavioral therapy in adolescents with co-occurring attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and substance use disorder. METHODS: A multifaceted recruiting strategy was employed that targeted multiple referral sources, used incentives, involved numerous staff members, emphasized the therapeutic alliance during prescreening, and utilized data to modify strategies based on results. Overall, 303 adolescents were randomized from 1,333 total referrals across 11 participating sites. RESULTS: Overall, existing treatment program sources, including treatment program staff, social services, the juvenile justice system, and mental health clinics provided a majority of referrals for pre-screening and randomization. CONCLUSIONS AND SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE: These results support the feasibility of recruiting dually-diagnosed adolescents utilizing a multifaceted approach involving the entire study team.
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse
Volume 35
Issue Part 5
Page 381-384
Year of Publication 2009
Date of Publication 2009
CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE 2009<143>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2010194708
Authors Minozzi S. Amato L. Davoli M.
Institution
(Minozzi, Amato, Davoli) Department of Epidemiology, ASL RM/E, Via di Santa Costanza, 53, Rome00198, Italy.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Detoxification treatments for opiate dependent adolescents.
Source
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. (4), 2009. Article Number: CD006749. Date of Publication: 2009.
Publisher
John Wiley and Sons Ltd
Abstract
Background: The scientific literature examining effective treatments for opioid dependent adults clearly indicates that pharmacotherapy is a necessary and acceptable component of effective treatments for opioid dependence. Nevertheless no studies have been published which systematically assess the effectiveness of the pharmacological detoxification among adolescents. Objectives: To assess the effectiveness of any detoxification treatment alone or in combination with psychosocial intervention compared to no intervention, other pharmacological intervention or psychosocial interventions on completion of treatment, reducing the use of substances and improving health and social status. Search strategy: We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (August 2008), MEDLINE (January 1966 to August 2008), EMBASE (January 1980 to August 2008), CINHAL (January 1982 to August) and reference lists of articles. Selection criteria: Randomised and controlled clinical trials comparing any pharmacological interventions alone or associated with psychosocial intervention aimed at detoxification with no intervention, placebo, other pharmacological intervention or psychosocial intervention in adolescents (13-18 years). Data collection and analysis: Two reviewers independently assessed trial quality and extracted data. Main results: Two trials involving 190 participants were included. One compares buprenorphine with clonidine for detoxification. No difference was found for drop out: RR 0.45 (95%CI: 0.20 - 1.04) and acceptability of treatment: withdrawal score WMD: 3.97 (95%CI -1.38, 9.32). More participants in the buprenorphine group initiated naltrexone treatment: RR 11.00 [95%CI 1.58, 76.55]. The other compares maintenance treatment vs detoxification treatment: buprenorphine-naloxone maintenance vs buprenorphine detoxification. For drop out the results were in favour of maintenance treatment: RR 2.67 [95%CI 1.85, 3.86], as well as for results at follow up RR 1.36 [95%CI1.05, 1.76]; no differences for use of opiate. Authors' conclusions: It is difficult to draft conclusions on the basis of two trials with few participants. Furthermore, the two studies included did not consider the efficacy of methadone that is still the most frequent drug utilized for the treatment of opioid withdrawal. One possible reason for the lack of evidence could be the difficulty in conducting trials with young people due to practical and ethical reasons. Copyright copyright 2009 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ISSN 1469-493X
Publication Type Journal: Review
Journal Name Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Issue Part 4
Year of Publication 2009
Date of Publication 2009
CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE 2009<189>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2008502621
Authors Rachlis B.S. Wood E. Zhang R. Montaner J.S.G. Kerr T.
Institution
(Rachlis, Wood, Zhang, Montaner, Kerr) British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV, AIDS, St. Paul's Hospital, 608-1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada.
(Rachlis) Department of Health Care and Epidemiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BCV6T 1Z3, Canada.
(Wood, Montaner, Kerr) Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BCV6T 1Z3, Canada.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
High rates of homelessness among a cohort of street-involved youth.
Source
Health and Place. 15(1)(pp 10-17), 2009. Date of Publication: March 2009.
Publisher
Elsevier Ltd
Abstract
Using multivariate logistic regression, we examined the prevalence and correlates of homelessness among youth enrolled in a community-recruited prospective cohort known as the At-Risk Youth Study (ARYS), between September 2005 and October 2006. Of 478 individuals included in this analysis, 132 (27.6%) were female and 120 (25.1%) self-identified as Aboriginal. The median age was 22 (IQR: 20-24). In total, 284 (56.9%) participants reported baseline homelessness, with most living either at no fixed address, on the street, or in a hostel or shelter. Factors associated with homelessness included public injecting, frequent crack use, experienced violence, having less than a high-school education, and not having been in any addiction treatment. Homeless individuals were at-risk for various adverse health outcomes. These findings indicate the need for additional interventions, including residential addiction treatment, to address homelessness and drug use among youth. copyright 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
ISSN 1353-8292
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Health and Place
Volume 15
Issue Part 1
Page 10-17
Year of Publication 2009
Date of Publication March 2009
CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE 2009<596>
Database Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations and Ovid MEDLINE(R)
Unique Identifier 19959733
Status In-Process
Authors Lam LT. Peng Z. Mai J. Jing J.
Authors Full Name Lam, L T. Peng, Z. Mai, J. Jing, J.
Institution
Discipline of Paediatric and Child Health, The University of Sydney, Australia.
Title
The association between internet addiction and self-injurious behaviour among adolescents.
Source
Injury Prevention. 15(6):403-8, 2009 Dec.
Journal Name
Injury Prevention
Country of Publication
England
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between internet addiction and self-injurious behaviour (SIB) in adolescence. METHODS: Population-based cross-sectional survey of 1618 high school students aged 13-18 years in Guangzhou city, GuangdongProvince, PR China. Deliberate SIB was measured using self-reported questionnaire; internet addiction was assessed using the Internet Addiction Test (IAT). RESULTS: 263 (16.3%) participants reported having committed some form of SIB in the past 6 months. 73 (4.5%) had committed SIB 6 times or more, and 157 (9.7%) 1-5 times. The majority of respondents were classified as normal users of the internet (n = 1392, 89.2%), with 158 (10.2%) moderately and 10 (0.6%) severely addicted to the internet. After adjusting for potential confounders, the odds ratio for SIB was 2.0 (95% CI 1.1 to 3.7) for those who were classified as moderately and severely addicted to the internet when compared to the normal group. CONCLUSIONS: SIB is common in adolescence in the study population in China. Addiction to the internet is detrimental to mental health and increases the risk of self-injury among adolescents. Clinicians need to be aware of potential co-morbidities of other addictions among adolescent self-injured patients.
Publication Type Journal Article.
Date of Publication 2009 Dec
Year of Publication 2009
Issue/Part 6
Volume 15
Page 403-8
CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE 2009<598>
Database Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations and Ovid MEDLINE(R)
Unique Identifier 19912627
Status In-Process
Authors Minary L. Martini H. Wirth N. Thouvenot F. Acouetey DS. Martinet Y. Bohadana A. Zmirou-Navier D. Alla F.
Authors Full Name Minary, Laetitia. Martini, Herve. Wirth, Nathalie. Thouvenot, Francine. Acouetey, Dovi-Stephanie. Martinet, Yves. Bohadana, Abraham. Zmirou-Navier, Denis. Alla, Francois.
Institution
Centres d'Investigation Clinique - Epidemiologie Clinique CIE 6, Institut National de la sante et de la Recherche Medicale, Nancy, France.
Title
TABADO: "evaluation of a smoking cessation program among adolescents in vocational training centers": study protocol.
Source
BMC Public Health. 9:411, 2009.
Journal Name
BMC Public Health
Other ID
Source: NLM. PMC2781818
Country of Publication
England
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Most of the efforts to reduce teenagers' tobacco addiction have focused on smoking prevention and little on smoking cessation. A smoking cessation program (TABADO study), associating pharmacologic and cognitive-behavioural strategy, on a particularly vulnerable population (vocational trainees), was developed. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of the program which was offered to all smokers in a population aged 15 to 20 years in Vocational Training Centers (VTC). This paper presents the TABADO study protocol. METHODS: The study is quasi-experimental, prospective, evaluative and comparative and takes place during the 2 years of vocational training. The final population will be composed of 2000 trainees entering a VTC in Lorraine, France, during the 2008-2009 period. The intervention group (1000 trainees) benefited from the TABADO program while no specific intervention took place in the "control" group (1000 trainees) other than the treatment and education services usually available. Our primary outcome will be the tobacco abstinence rate at 12 months. DISCUSSION: If the program proves effective, it will be a new tool in the action against smoking in populations that have been seldom targeted until now. In addition, the approach could be expanded to other young subjects from socially disadvantaged backgrounds in the context of a public health policy against smoking among adolescents. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinical trial identification number is NTC00973570.
Publication Type Journal Article. Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't.
Date of Publication 2009
Year of Publication 2009
Volume 9
Page 411
CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE 2009<662>
Database Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations and Ovid MEDLINE(R)
Unique Identifier 20001689
Status MEDLINE
Authors Guarino HM.Marsch LA.Campbell WS 3rd. Gargano SP. Haller DL. Solhkhah R.
Authors Full Name Guarino, Honoria M. Marsch, Lisa A. Campbell, Willard S 3rd. Gargano, Sage P. Haller, Deborah L. Solhkhah, Ramon.
Institution
National Development and Research Institutes, New York, New York10010, USA.
Title
Methadone maintenance treatment for youth: experiences of clients, staff, and parents.
Source
Substance Use & Misuse. 44(14):1979-89, 2009.
Journal Name
Substance Use & Misuse
Country of Publication
England
Abstract
In order to better understand the components of effective treatment for the understudied population of opioid-dependent youth, separate focus groups were conducted in 2006 with clients, clinical staff, and clients' parents (total n = 22) at a novel methadone maintenance program for adolescents and young adults in suburban New York. Focus group sessions were audiotaped, transcribed, and analyzed for common themes. Clients, staff, and parents all reported that effective treatment for opioid addiction among young people is a long-term program, combines pharmacological and behavioral approaches, emphasizes a high degree of individual attention from staff, and incorporates clients' family members. The study's limitations were noted.
Publication Type Journal Article. Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural.
Date of Publication 2009
Year of Publication 2009
Issue/Part 14
Volume 44
Page 1979-89
CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE (A)<676>
Database Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations and Ovid MEDLINE(R)
Unique Identifier 19576867
Status MEDLINE
Authors Kota D. Robinson SE. Imad Damaj M.
Authors Full NameKota, Dena. Robinson, Susan E. Imad Damaj, M.
Institution
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Campus, VirginiaCommonwealthUniversity, Richmond, VA23298-0613, United States.
Title
Enhanced nicotine reward in adulthood after exposure to nicotine during early adolescence in mice.
Source
Biochemical Pharmacology. 78(7):873-9, 2009 Oct 1.
Journal Name
Biochemical Pharmacology
Country of Publication
England
Abstract
Approximately one million adolescents begin smoking cigarettes every year. Studies show that adolescents may be particularly vulnerable to various aspects of nicotine dependence. Work on rodents demonstrates parallel findings showing that adolescence is a time of changed sensitivity to both rewarding and aversive effects of nicotine. However, it is unclear if these effects are long-lasting and whether they contribute to a lifetime of nicotine addiction. In this study we have characterized the effects of adolescent nicotine exposure on the rewarding properties of nicotine in adulthood using the CPP model. Specifically, we have addressed whether the phase of adolescence (early, middle, or late adolescence) plays a role in the susceptibility to the enhanced rewarding effects of nicotine. Furthermore, we have investigated the long-term effects of adolescent nicotine exposure on nicotine reward in adulthood and have correlated these behavioral adaptations with possible molecular mechanisms. We observed that early adolescence in the mouse is a unique phase for elevated sensitivity to nicotine reward using a CPP model. In addition, exposure to nicotine during this phase, but not during late adolescence or adulthood, resulted in a lasting enhancement of reward in adulthood. Finally, we have shown that early adolescent nicotine exposure significantly elevates nAChR function in adulthood. Overall, we demonstrate that early adolescence represents a period of development, distinct from middle and late adolescence, during which nicotine exposure can cause persistent changes in behavior and molecular adaptations.
Publication Type Journal Article. Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't.
Date of Publication 2009 Oct 1
Year of Publication 2009
Issue/Part 7
Volume 78
Page 873-9
CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE 2009<689>
Database Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations and Ovid MEDLINE(R)
Unique Identifier 19370679
Status MEDLINE
Authors Minozzi S. Amato L. Davoli M.
Authors Full Name Minozzi, Silvia. Amato, Laura. Davoli, Marina.
Institution
Department of Epidemiology, ASL RM/E, Via di Santa Costanza, 53, Rome, Italy, 00198.
Title
Maintenance treatments for opiate dependent adolescent. [Review] [35 refs]
Source
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. (2):CD007210, 2009.
Journal Name
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Country of Publication
England
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The scientific literature examining effective treatments for opioid dependent adults clearly indicates that pharmacotherapy is a necessary and acceptable component of effective treatments for opioid dependence. Nevertheless no studies have been published which systematically assess the effectiveness of the pharmacological maintenance treatment among adolescent. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effectiveness of any maintenance treatment alone or in combination with psychosocial intervention compared to no intervention, other pharmacological intervention or psychosocial interventions on retaining adolescents in treatment, reducing the use of substances and reducing health and social status SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Drugs and Alcohol Group's trials register (august 2008), MEDLINE (January 1966 to august 2008), EMBASE (January 1980 to august 2008), CINHAL (January 1982 to august 2008) and reference lists of articles SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised and controlled clinical trials comparing any maintenance pharmacological interventions alone or associated with psychosocial intervention with no intervention, placebo, other pharmacological intervention included pharmacological detoxification or psychosocial intervention in adolescent (13-18 years) DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two reviewers independently assessed trial quality and extracted data MAIN RESULTS: Two trials involving 187 participants were included. One study compared methadone with LAAM for maintenance treatment lasting 16 weeks after which patients were detoxified, the other compared maintenance treatment with buprenorphine - naloxone with detoxification with buprenorphine. No meta-analysis has been performed because the two studies assessed different comparisons. Maintenance treatment seems more efficacious in retaining patients in treatment but not in reducing patients with positive urine at the end of the study. Self reported opioid use at 1 year follow up was significantly lower in the maintenance group even if both group reported high level of opioid use and more patients in the maintenance group were enrolled in other addiction treatment at 12 month follow up. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: It is difficult to draft conclusions on the basis of only two trials. One of the possible reason for the lack of evidence could be the difficulty to conduct trial with young people due to practical and ethic reasons. [References: 35]
Publication Type Journal Article. Review.
Date of Publication 2009
Year of Publication 2009
Issue/Part 2
Page CD007210
CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE 2009<705>
Database Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations and Ovid MEDLINE(R)
Unique Identifier 19097707
Status MEDLINE
Authors Adlaf EM.Hamilton HA. Wu F. Noh S.
Authors Full Name Adlaf, Edward M. Hamilton, Hayley A. Wu, Fei. Noh, Samuel.
Institution
Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Title
Adolescent stigma towards drug addiction: effects of age and drug use behaviour.
Source
Addictive Behaviors. 34(4):360-4, 2009 Apr.
Journal Name
Addictive Behaviors
Country of Publication
England
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine adolescent age and experience with drug use on stigmatizing attitudes toward drug addiction. Data were derived from the 2005 cycle of the Ontario Student Drug Use Survey. In total, 4078, 7- to 12-graders completed self-administered questionnaires that included a measure of drug abuse stigma. Results indicated that stigma scores were higher among younger than older adolescents, and the decline across age was robust, occurring among both males and females and those from rural and non-rural areas. The decline, however, was stronger among non-drug users and among those who had no close friends that use drugs. Despite the age-related decline, the level of stigma in general suggested that drug abuse stigma may continue into adulthood. Findings highlight that individual attitudes toward drug use and drug abusers are salient factors for personal drug use. Given that stigma is a barrier to treatment, but reduced stigma may encourage greater adolescent use, this study highlights the need for more in-depth studies of drug stigma.