Chemistry for Changing Times, 11e (Hill/Kolb)
Chapter 2: Atoms
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Multiple Choice Questions
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1)
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The Greek word atomos means
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A)
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atom.
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B)
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indivisible.
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C)
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invisible.
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D)
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continuous.
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Answer:
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B
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Type: MC
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Page Ref: Sec. 2.1
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2)
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Leucippus and Democritus proposed the "first" atomic view of matter. They arrived at this view based on
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A)
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many experiments.
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B)
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careful measurements.
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C)
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philosophical and intuitive speculation.
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D)
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All of the above contributed to their atomic view.
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Answer:
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C
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Type: MC
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Page Ref: Sec. 2.1
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3)
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The ancient Greeks believed that matter was composed of four basic elements. Which one of the following WAS NOT one of the four?
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A)
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gold
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B)
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fire
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C)
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water
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D)
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earth
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Answer:
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A
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Type: MC
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Page Ref: Sec. 2.1
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4)
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An atomic view of matter was first proposed approximately how many years ago?
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A)
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50
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B)
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100
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C)
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200
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D)
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2000
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Answer:
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D
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Type: MC
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Page Ref: Sec. 2.1
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5)
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Which of the following people believed that matter was continuous and was not made up of atoms?
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A)
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Aristotle
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B)
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Dalton
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C)
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Democritus
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D)
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Lavoisier
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Answer:
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A
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Type: MC
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Page Ref: Sec. 2.1
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6)
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The "father of modern chemistry" is
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A)
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Boyle.
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B)
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Lavoisier.
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C)
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Mendeleev.
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D)
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Proust.
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Answer:
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B
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Type: MC
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Page Ref: Sec. 2.2
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7)
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32 g of sulfur will react with 48 g of oxygen to produce 80 g of sulfur trioxide. If 32 g of sulfur and 100 g of oxygen are placed into a sealed container and allowed to react, what is the mass of the material in the container after the reaction is completed?
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A)
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32 g
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B)
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80 g
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C)
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100 g
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D)
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132 g
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Answer:
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D
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Type: MC
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Page Ref: Sec. 2.2
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8)
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By definition, which of the following can be broken down into simpler substances?
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A)
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compound
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B)
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element
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C)
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gas
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D)
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liquid
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Answer:
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A
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Type: MC
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Page Ref: Sec. 2.2
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9)
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Lavoisier performed many of the same experiments as his predecessors. The one thing that most distinguished Lavoisier's work was
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A)
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the results.
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B)
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the mass measurements.
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C)
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the chemicals.
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D)
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the glassware.
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Answer:
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B
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Type: MC
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Page Ref: Sec. 2.2
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10)
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By measuring the mass of substances before and after chemical reactions, Lavoisier summarized his observations with a(n)
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A)
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hypothesis.
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B)
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observation.
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C)
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theory.
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D)
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law.
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Answer:
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D
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Type: MC
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Page Ref: Sec. 2.2
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11)
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Which one of the following statements IS NOT a correct statement of the Law of Conservation of Mass?
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A)
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The mass of a system is dependent upon chemical reactions that may occur.
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B)
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The mass of a system is conserved in a chemical reaction.
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C)
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Matter cannot be created or destroyed.
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D)
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Atoms are conserved in chemical reactions.
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Answer:
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A
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Type: MC
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Page Ref: Sec. 2.2
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12)
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A mixture containing 15 grams of carbon and 25 grams of oxygen is sealed in a flask. The total mass of the system is 140 grams. The flask is heated to cause the carbon and oxygen to react. The sealed flask is massed. What is the mass of the sealed flask?
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A)
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40 grams
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B)
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100 grams
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C)
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125 grams
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D)
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140 grams
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Answer:
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D
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Type: MC
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Page Ref: Sec. 2.2
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13)
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A student measures 10.5 g of mercury(II) oxide into an open test tube and heats. The heat causes the mercury(II) oxide to decompose into mercury and oxygen. After reaction, the student finds the mass of the contents of the tube to be 9.7 g. Which one of the following describes these observations?
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A)
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The decomposition of mercury(II) oxide does not obey the Law of Conservation of Mass.
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B)
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0.8 grams of oxygen gas are lost from the tube.
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C)
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There are errors associated with the student's measurements.
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D)
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Heating destroys some mass.
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Answer:
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B
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Type: MC
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Page Ref: Sec. 2.2
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14)
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The amount of carbon on the earth, including the atmosphere,
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A)
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is essentially constant.
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B)
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is decreasing due to consumption of carbon based fuels, such as coal and petroleum.
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C)
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is increasing due to plant and animal growth on the planet.
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D)
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fluctuates dramatically with the seasons.
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Answer:
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A
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Type: MC
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Page Ref: Sec. 2.2
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15)
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The amount of aluminum on the earth today relative to the amount 100 years ago when Al was first commercially extracted from bauxite, an aluminum containing ore,
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A)
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is essentially the same.
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B)
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is decreasing rapidly due to production of aluminum beverage containers.
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C)
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is decreasing, but more slowly recently due to interest in recycling.
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D)
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is actually increasing due to recycling efforts and more energy efficient production methods.
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Answer:
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A
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Type: MC
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Page Ref: Sec. 2.2
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16)
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Hydrogen peroxide decomposes into water and oxygen when exposed to heat or light. A tightly capped bottle of hydrogen peroxide is placed on a mass scale (a balance) and exposed to light for three weeks. The mass reading on the scale does not change. This is an example of
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A)
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the Law of Conservation of Mass.
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B)
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the Law of Definite Proportions.
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C)
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the Law of Constant Composition.
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D)
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the Law of Multiple Proportions.
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Answer:
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A
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Type: MC
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Page Ref: Sec. 2.2
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17)
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Methane can be decomposed into two simpler substances, hydrogen and carbon. Therefore, methane
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A)
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is a gas.
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B)
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cannot be an element.
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C)
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must be a mixture.
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D)
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must have the formula CH.
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Answer:
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B
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Type: MC
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Page Ref: Sec. 2.2
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18)
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The ability to recycle aluminum (or glass, or plastic) is ultimately an illustration of
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A)
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the law of the conservation of mass.
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B)
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the law of definite proportions.
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C)
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the ingenuity of chemists.
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D)
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the law of multiple proportions.
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Answer:
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A
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Type: MC
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Page Ref: Sec. 2.2
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19)
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When electricity is passed through molten potassium bromide, two simpler substances, potassium and bromine, are produced. Therefore, potassium bromide
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A)
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cannot be an element.
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B)
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must be a mixture.
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C)
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has less mass than the resulting potassium and bromine do.
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D)
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must have the formula PB.
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Answer:
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A
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Type: MC
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Page Ref: Sec. 2.2
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20)
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The Law of Definite Proportions was first stated by
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A)
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Lavoisier.
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B)
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Galileo.
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C)
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Dalton.
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D)
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Proust.
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Answer:
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D
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Type: MC
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Page Ref: Sec. 2.3
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21)
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When added to a sealed flask and heated, 6.0 g of carbon and 16.0 g of oxygen react to form 22.0 g of carbon dioxide. How much carbon dioxide is formed when 12.0 g of carbon is reacted with 100.0 g of oxygen?
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A)
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22.0 g
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B)
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28.0 g
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C)
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44.0 g
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D)
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112.0 g
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Answer:
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C
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Type: MC
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Page Ref: Sec. 2.3
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22)
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The observation that 20 g of hydrogen gas always combines with 160 g of oxygen gas to form 180 g of water, even when there is more than 160 g of oxygen present in the reaction container, illustrates the law of
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A)
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definite proportions.
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B)
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multiple proportions.
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C)
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ideal gases.
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D)
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excess reactants.
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Answer:
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A
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Type: MC
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Page Ref: Sec. 2.3
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23)
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No matter how much extra oxygen is available, 12 grams of carbon always combines with 32 grams of oxygen. This best illustrates the law of
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A)
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conservation of mass.
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B)
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definite proportions.
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C)
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multiple proportions.
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D)
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conservation of energy.
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Answer:
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B
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Type: MC
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Page Ref: Sec. 2.3
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24)
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Heptane is always composed of 84.0% carbon and 16.0% hydrogen. This illustrates the law of
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A)
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conservation of mass.
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B)
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definite proportions.
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C)
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multiple proportions.
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D)
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all of the above
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Answer:
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B
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Type: MC
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Page Ref: Sec. 2.3
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25)
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When 10.00 g of lead and 1.56 grams of sulfur react, 11.56 g of lead sulfide is produced. Suppose 30.00 g of lead and 1.56 g of sulfur are allowed to react. Analysis of the reaction mixture would show
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A)
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31.56 g of lead sulfide.
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B)
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34.68 g of lead sulfide.
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C)
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11.56 g of lead sulfide and 20.00 g of lead.
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D)
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no reaction
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Answer:
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C
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Type: MC
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Page Ref: Sec. 2.3
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26)
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2 g of sulfur will react with 3 g of oxygen to produce 5 g of sulfur trioxide. If 32 g of sulfur and 100 g of oxygen are placed into a sealed container and allowed to react, how much sulfur dioxide will be produced?
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A)
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32 g
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B)
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48 g
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C)
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80 g
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D)
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100 g
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Answer:
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C
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Type: MC
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Page Ref: Sec. 2.3
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27)
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Sample A contains 75% carbon and 25% hydrogen. If sample B is the same substance, it will contain ______% carbon and ______% hydrogen.
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A)
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60% carbon and 40% hydrogen
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B)
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70% carbon and 30% hydrogen
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C)
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75% carbon and 25% hydrogen
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D)
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85% carbon and 15% hydrogen
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Answer:
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C
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Type: MC
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Page Ref: Sec. 2.3
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28)
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C always contains 3 g of C for every 8 g of O. This is an example of
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A)
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Dalton's atomic theory.
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B)
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Lavoisier's Law of Conservation of Mass.
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C)
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Dalton's Law of Multiple Proportions.
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D)
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Proust's Law of Definite Proportions.
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Answer:
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D
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Type: MC
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Page Ref: Sec. 2.3
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29)
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Which of the following parts (postulates) of Dalton's atomic theory has been modified in light of later discoveries?
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A)
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All matter is made up of very small particles called atoms.
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B)
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Atoms are indivisible.
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C)
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Chemical reactions involve rearrangement of atoms.
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D)
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Compounds are formed from atoms.
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Answer:
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B
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Type: MC
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Page Ref: Sec. 2.4
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30)
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Which of the following laws is NOT explained by Dalton's atomic theory?
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A)
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the law of conservation of mass
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B)
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the law of definite proportions
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C)
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the law of multiple proportions
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D)
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the periodic law
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Answer:
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D
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Type: MC
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Page Ref: Sec. 2.4
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31)
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______was the first person to propose a consistent "modern" atomic theory.
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A)
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Dalton
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B)
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Democritus
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C)
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Proust
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D)
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Lavoisier
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Answer:
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A
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Type: MC
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Page Ref: Sec. 2.4
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32)
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Which discovery was not in conflict with Dalton's atomic theory?
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A)
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the discovery of electrical charge
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B)
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the discovery of the electron
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C)
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the discovery of the element gallium
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D)
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the discovery of the proton
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Answer:
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C
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Type: MC
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Page Ref: Sec. 2.4
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33)
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After many observations, Proust stated that elements combine in definite proportions to form compounds. Dalton explained these observations by proposing that matter must consist of atoms. Dalton's explanation is called a(n)