Chapter 8: Cell Growth and Division

Chapter 8: Cell Growth and Division

Section 2: Cell Division: Mitosis and Cytokinesis

Cell Division: Mitosis and Cytokinesis

The division of eukaryotic cells occurs in two main stages

o______

Mitosis is the process by which the nucleus of the cell is divided into two nuclei, each with the same number and kinds of chromosomes as the parent cell

o______

Cytokinesis is the process by which the cytoplasm divides, thus forming two distinct cells

Chromosomes

______are structures in the cell that contain the genetic information that is passed on from one generation of cells to the next

Chromosomes contain the genetic information in the form of ______

The cells of every organism contain a ______of chromosomes

Composition of Chromatin

Chromosomes are made up of a material called ______

oChromatin is composed of ______and ______

oMuch of this protein is involved in the folding of DNA so that it can fit within the nucleus

______

DNA and histone molecules together form beadlike structures called ______

Chromosome Structure

After DNA replication, the chromosomes become visible by ______

This is the beginning of ______

The chromosome contains two ______, or identical parts, which are often called ______

Each pair of chromatids is attached at an area called the ______

oUsually located near the middle of the chromatids

The Cell Cycle

The ______is the period from the beginning of one mitosis to the beginning of the next

During a cell cycle, a cell grows, prepares for division, and divides to form two daughter cells, each of which begins the cycle again

Includes ______, ______, and ______

Interphase is usually divided into three phases

o______

During mitosis, the nucleus divides into two nuclei

During cytokinesis, the cytoplasm divides into two new cells

Interphase

Interphase is the ______of the cell cycle

Each phase is characterized by specific events

oG1 = ______

oS = ______

oG2 = ______

______

Prophase

______is the longest phase of mitosis

Mitosis begins

The chromosomes coil into short, fat rods

The ______breaks up

The ______, two tiny structures located in the cytoplasm near the nuclear envelop, separate from each other

A network of protein cables called ______assembles across the cell

Near the end of prophase, the coiling of the chromosomes becomes tighter

Metaphase

As prophase ends, ______, or the second phase of mitosis, begins

Chromosomes attach to the spindle fibers and line up in the ______of the cell

oMicrotubules connect the centromere of each chromosome to the poles of the spindle

oBecause of their starlike arrangement around the poles of the spindle, these microtubules are called ______

Greek word for ______

Anaphase

______, the third phase of mitosis, begins when the centromeres that join the sister chromatids split

Each chromatid separates from its identical copy

Chromosomes are reeled to ______of the cell

The spindle fibers begin to break down

Anaphase ends when the movement of chromosomes stops

Telophase

______is the final phase of mitosis

Each side of the cell now has a complete set of ______

A ______forms around each new set of chromosomes

The chromosomes uncoil so that proteins can be built

The spindle fibers ______

Cytokinesis

The cytoplasm is pinched in half, forming ______

Each new cell contains ______

After growth and replication, these cells may divide again