CHS Science Dept.Biology
Chapter 7 Sections 1 and 2 Vocabulary Flash Cards
Cells / Collection of living matter enclosed by a barrier that separates the cell from its surroundings; basic unit of all forms of life.Cell theory / -All living things are composed of cells.
-Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things.
-New cells are produced from existing cells.
Nucleus / The center of the atom which contains the protons and neutrons; in cells, structure that contains the cell's genetic material (DNA) and controls the cell's activities.
Eukaryotes / Organisms whose cells contain nuclei. contains a nucleus in which their genetic material is separated from the rest of the cell.
Prokaryotes / Unicellular organism lacking a nucleus. have genetic material that is not contained in a nucleus.
Organelles / Specialized structures that performs important cellular functions within a eukaryotic cell.
Cytoplasm / Material inside the cell membrane—not including the nucleus.
Nuclear envelope / Bi-lipid layer that surrounds the nucleus of a cell, protecting and regulating what comes in and out of the nucleus.
Chromatin / Granular material visible within the nucleus; consists of DNA tightly coiled around proteins; consists of DNA bound to protein. is spread throughout the nucleus.
Chromosomes / Chromatin condenses to form this. Thread-like structure within the nucleus containing the genetic information that is passed from one generation of cells to the next.
Nucleolus / Where assembly of ribosomes begins. small, dense, region within most nuclei in which the assembly of proteins begins.
Ribosomes / Small organelles in the cell on which proteins are assembled; made of RNA and protein.
Endoplasmic reticulm (E.R.) / Internal membrane system in cells in which lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled and some proteins are modified
Golgi apparatus / Stacks of membrane in the cell that modifies, sort, and package proteins and other materials from the endoplasmic reticulum for storage in the cell or secretion outside the cell.
Lysosomes / Cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the cell.
Vacuoles / Cell organelles that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates.
Mitochondria / Cell organelles that convert the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use. Nearly all eukaryotic cells &including plants contain this.
Chloroplasts / Found in plants & some other organisms. Organelles found in cells of plants and some other organisms that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy.
Cytoskeleton / Network of protein filaments within some cells that helps the cell maintain its shape and is involved in many forms of cell movement. Eukaryotic cells have this structure that helps support the cell.
Centrioles / Tiny structures located in the cytoplasm of animal cells near the nuclear envelope.
Cell membrane / Thin, flexible barrier around a cell; regulates what enters and leaves the cell. All cells are surrounded by this thin, flexible barrier.
Cell wall / Strong supporting layer around the cell membrane in plants, algae, and some bacteria; provide support and protection for the cell.