Chapter 7 material
*Know the differences between compound light and electron microscope as in the way they function, maximum magnification, limitations, etc.
*Know the parts of the cell theory and the scientists associated with what we know about cells to include (Hooke, Leeuwenhoek, Schwann, Schleiden, Virchow, Margulis, etc.
* Be able to compare and contrast (similarities and differences) between Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells; be able to identify each by description or illustration
*Know the Fluid Mosaic Model of the cell (plasma) membrane; know what each of the components looks like and their function (phospholipids, cholesterol, channel and carrier proteins, glycoproteins, integral vs. peripheral, hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions and why the fatty acid tails point inward)
*Know the term selective permeability and how it relates to the cell membrane and its function
*Know what organelles are. Know which organelles are only found in plant cells, those only in animal cells, and those that are common to both plant and animal cells.
*Know the organelles by illustration as well as by description of their appearance or their function in the cell. (great chart on pl 199 to study from)
*Explain the processes of diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis as they relate to “passive transport” for the cell; include movement in relation to the concentration gradient in your knowledge
*Explain the processes involved with “active transport”; include movement in relation to the concentration gradient in your knowledge; be knowledgeable of the sodium potassium pump and how it functions
*Know how large particles move across the membrane, how small particles move, and how ions move; make sure you know the terms Endocytosis, Exocytosis, Phagocytosis, and pinocytosis.
*Be able to predict the effect of hypotonic, hypertonic, or isotonic solutions on a cell. Know the terms Turgor pressure(osmotic pressure), cytolysis, Plasmolysis in your descriptions
Chapter 9 material
*Explain why cells are relatively small; why can’t they just keep getting bigger and bigger? Surface area to volume ratio should be included in your knowledge
*Know what the cell cycle is and the divisions/stages of the cell cycle (interphase, mitosis, Cytokinesis)
*Know what occurs during Interphase (G1, S, G2), longest phase, normal activities, etc.
*Know the parts of mitosis (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and Telophase) be able to identify each part based on illustration or description of the events associated with the phase.
*Know the terms chromatin, chromosome, sister chromatid, centromeres, centrioles, spindle and how these terms relate to the events of the cell cycle.
*Know what Cytokinesis is and when it occurs; know the terms “cleavage furrow” and “cell plate” and how they relate to Cytokinesis.
*Know that mitosis is one form of cell division but also that meiosis is a type of cell division; mitosis makes cells that are identical to one another (all of our somatic/body cells) meiosis makes cell that are not identical (gametes or sex cells to include sperm and eggs….. these sex cells only have half the number of chromosomes found in a body cell produced through mitosis) Humans have 46 chromosomes in there somatic (body) cells and 23 chromosomes in a gamete (sex cell). This would not be true for an individual with Down’s syndrome or other chromosome disorders.
*Know how the cell cycle is kept under control; include terms such as checkpoints, cyclins and kinases in your knowledge
*Know that Cancer is cells that grow abnormally and uncontrolled. Know terms such as carcinogen, apoptosis, tumor in your descriptions.
*Know things that can contribute to your cancer risk factors and how to prevent cancer
*Know what stem cells are and how they could play a role in the treatment of abnormal cell growth.
*Comparison of Mitosis and meiosis. Crossing over, independent assortment and random chance during fertilization as sources of variation in individuals produced through sexual reproduction. Know the stages of meiosis and occurences.
Chapters 10 and 11 material on Genetics that we are currently covering on Punnett Squares/Meiosis/ Chromosome mapping (honors)