Chapter 7 Lesson 1 Study Guide
Chapter 7 lesson 1 Study Guide - Key
*Know what energy is; know its attributes………… (Does it always change into something? Can energy ever be destroyed? Does energy move?)
- ENERGY: the ability to do work or cause a change in matter.
- THERE ARE MANY TYPES OF ENERGY
- Electrical Energy: created by an electric current
- Thermal (Heat) Energy: created by moving molecules
- Mechanical Energy: created by machines
- Light Energy: created by light
- Chemical Energy: created by chemicals
- Solar Energy: created by the sun
- Sound Energy: created by vibrating molecules
- Nuclear Energy: created by splitting or joining atoms
- Hydro Energy: created by moving water
- Wind Energy: created by moving air
- Energy can transfer from one form to another but in a closed system, the total amount of energy and matter will always remain the same
- Examples
- In a series circuit, you have the CHEMICAL ENERGY (battery) transferring to ELECTRICAL ENERGY (current flowing through the wires) transferring to LIGHT and HEAT ENERGY (in the light bulb).
- In a solar powered calculator, SOLAR ENERGY (the sun) transfers to ELECTRICAL ENERGY (to power the calculator) which transfers to MECHANICAL ENERGY (pieces inside the calculator to make it work).
- In photosynthesis, LIGHT ENERGY (the sun) transfers to CHEMICAL ENERGY (sugar inside the plant, which is the plant’s food).
*Given 4 items-a ping pong ball, a peanut M&M, a soccer ball, and a beach ball, which item has the greatest kinetic energy?
If they were all rolled at the same speed, the soccer ball would have the greatest kinetic energy because it has the greatest mass
*You must be able to define and be able to identify examples of these types of energy:
Thermal – heat energy caused by moving molecules. Boiling water is an example. As the water is heated, the molecules move faster and faster
Electrical – Energy created by moving electrons. In a circuit, the electrons flow from atom to atom creating electricity
Mechanical – Energy from machines. As a motor turns energy is created. An example would be a turbine in a dam.
Solar created by the sun. Solar panels created solar energy
Sound: created by vibrating molecules. As molecules vibrate, we hear sound
What is kinetic energy? Energy of motion
What is potential energy? Stored energy
You must be able to tell what type of energy is transformed into another type of energy; for example, electrical energy to sound energy. (Think of the MELTS 3 activity we discussed in class.)
- In a series circuit, you have the CHEMICAL ENERGY (battery) transferring to ELECTRICAL ENERGY (current flowing through the wires) transferring to LIGHT and HEAT ENERGY (in the light bulb).
- In a solar powered calculator, SOLAR ENERGY (the sun) transfers to ELECTRICAL ENERGY (to power the calculator) which transfer to MECHANICAL ENERGY (pieces inside the calculator to make it work).
- In photosynthesis, LIGHT ENERGY (the sun) transfers to CHEMICAL ENERGY (sugar inside the plant, which is the plant’s food).
Think about which types of energy are involved in a sport like hockey, for example.
Potential energy can be seen as the winds up to hit the puck. Kinetic energy would be seen as the puck flies through the air
Think about which type of energy changes into a different type of energy in these examples:
-old fashioned classroom pencil sharpener (not electric) - Mechanical would be changed to sound
-curling iron – electrical energy would be changed to heat energy