Chapter 7 a More Perfect Union(1777-1790) Section 3 a New Plan of Government

NAME______

Chapter 7 A More Perfect Union(1777-1790) Section 3 A New Plan of Government

Roots of the Constitution

•  After ______months the Constitution was written

•  It was a unique American document, but had ______in many other civilizations

•  They looked at ______so they could avoid mistakes made in the past

•  The Framers of the Constitution were familiar with Parliamentary system of ______

•  Many Framers were in the colonial ______and state assemblies

•  They valued individual ______

•  They respected many of the British traditions (cultural beliefs and practices)

English Influences

•  Magna Carta- Placed ______on the monarchs

•  Parliament controlled the ______for wars and the government

•  The colonial assemblies worked the same way

•  The assemblies had some control over the colonial ______

•  The English Bill of ______- 1689

•  During the Enlightenment philosophers John Locke and baron de Montesquieu had ideas that the Framers used

John Locke

•  Locke believed people should have natural ______

•  Including ______, liberty, and property

•  Government is based on an ______between the people and the ruler

•  Americans interpreted natural rights as the rights of Englishmen defined in the Magna Carta and English Bill of Rights

•  Protected the peoples rights by ______the government’s power

Baron De Montesquieu

•  Said the powers of government should be separated and ______against each other

•  This would keep any one person or group from gaining too much ______

•  Powers of government should be clearly defined and limited to prevent ______

•  Following Montesquieu’s ideas the Framers specified and ______the powers of government

The Federal System

•  The Constitution divided powers between national (federal) government and the ______

•  Federalism- ______power between federal and state governments

•  Under the Constitution, the federal government ______powers

•  ______, regulating trade, controlling currency, raising an army, and declaring war

•  Also can pass any ______that is “necessary and proper”

•  Important powers were also left to the ______

The Supreme Law of the Land

•  The Constitution and the laws that Congress passed were to be “ the ______law of the land”

•  No state can make a ______against the Constitution

•  Disputes between the federal government and the states would be settled by ______courts

•  On the basis of the ______

Branches of Government- Legislative Branch

•  Article ____ established Congress as the legislative branch

•  Law ______branch

•  House of ______and the ______

•  Powers of Congress include: collecting ______, coining money, and regulating trade

•  Can also declare war and “raise and support ______”

Branches of Government- Executive Branch

•  Article _____ established the Executive Branch

•  Headed by the ______to carry out the nations laws and policies

•  Commander in chief of the ______forces

•  Conducts relations with other ______

•  President and Vice President are chosen by the ______College

•  Each state’s voters select electors to cast their ______for the president and vice president

•  Each state gets the same number of electors as it has ______and representatives in Congress

•  President and Vice President serve a ______year term

Branches of Government- Judicial Branch

•  Article _____ deals with the judicial branch (court system)

•  The nations judicial power resides in “one Supreme ______”

•  And any other lower courts the Congress might establish

•  The Supreme Court and the federal courts hear cases involving the Constitution, laws passed by Congress, and ______between states

System of Checks and Balances

•  The Framers built in a system of checks and ______

•  Each branch has ways to check (______) the power of the others

•  No branch can ______the government

•  This system has kept a balance of power among the branches and has limited ______

National Citizens

•  The Constitution created citizens who ______their officials

•  Officials answer to the ______

•  The new government pledged to protect the personal ______of the citizens

•  The world watched to see if this experiment in ______would really work

Debate and Adoption

•  _____ of the 13 states had to ratify the Constitution

•  Supporters of the Constitution were called ______- Included George Washington and Benjamin Franklin

•  Madison, Hamilton, and Jay wrote essays called the ______Papers

•  People opposes were called ______- Also wrote essays called the Antifederalist Papers

•  Antifederalists argued that the strong national government created by the Constitution would take away American ______

•  Antifederaists favored ______government

Protecting Rights

•  The biggest criticism about the Constitution was that it lacked a ______

•  Many states refused to ______with out a Bill of Rights

•  Federalists feared ______without a strong central government

•  Antifederalists worried about ______that might result from a strong central government

Adopting the Constitution

•  New Hampshire became the ______state to approve on June 21, 1788

•  The new government could go into effect, but ______and ______had not ratified

•  Virginia ratified after being assured a Bill of Rights would be added

•  The Bill of Rights was added in ______

•  The final three states (NY, NC, and RI) approved the Constitution by May ______

Essential Question

•  What ideas and features are found in the United States Constitution?

Ideas- Enlightenment ideas about natural rights limiting government power, separation of power

Features- the Constitution shares power between a central government and state governments; establishes branches that make laws, carry out laws, and interprets laws; is the supreme law of the land, protects individual rights