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Chapter 6 Key Concepts (the old chapter 8 all sections are the same)

IDEA 2

An Introduction to Metabolism

Watch Bozemanscience.com videos: #12 Life requires free energy, #48 Enzymes, and the supplemental resource video named Gibbs Free Energy

Chapter 6 Guided Reading Notes

You are required to watch the videos as well for the quiz. Videos are located on the website.

Concept 6.1: Organism’s metabolism transforms matter and energy, subject to the laws of thermodynamics

  1. Define the following terms:
  2. Metabolic pathway
  3. Catabolic pathway
  4. Anabolic pathway
  5. Describe what is meant by thermodynamics-

1st law of thermodynamics: / 2nd law of thermodynamics
  1. Define entropy-

Concept 6.2: The free-energy change of a reaction tells us whether or not the reaction occurs spontaneously

  1. Define free energy-
  2. Write the equation for change in free energy below and identify each variable.
  3. Explain what is meant by a change in free energy value that is negative.
  4. Explain what is meant by a change in free energy value that is positive or zero.
  5. Define exergonic reaction-
  6. Why is cellular respiration an example of an exergonic reaction?
  7. Define endergonic reaction-
  8. Why is a hydroelectric system an example of an exergonic reaction?

Concept 6.3: ATP powers cellular work by coupling exergonic reactions to endergonic reactions

  1. Explain the three types of work a cell can do.

Chemical Work / Transport Work / Mechanical Work
  1. Describe the structure of ATP.
  2. What type of reaction releases energy from ATP?
  3. Is the hydrolysis reaction that releases a phosphate group exergonic or endergonic?
  4. Summarize “how ATP preforms work”.
  5. Summarize “the regeneration of ATP”
  6. How is ATP used and regenerated during transport work and mechanical work (figure 6.11 – old 8.11)?

Concept 6.4: Enzymes speed up metabolic reactions by lowering energy barriers

  1. Define enzyme-
  2. Define activation energy-
  3. Explain what is being shown in figure 6.15 (Old 8.14).
  4. Explain how enzymes lower the activation energy barrier.
  5. Enzymes are specific to their substrate and form an ______. The region in which an enzyme binds to its substrate is called the ______.
  6. Enzymes efficacy depends on the environment. What factors can effect enzyme activity?
  7. How do changes in the environment effect enzyme activity?
  8. Do all enzymes preform the same in the same set of conditions?
  9. Define cofactors-
  10. Define coenzymes-
  11. How do competitive inhibitors effect an enzyme?
  12. How do noncompetitive inhibitors effect an enzyme?

Concept 6.5: Regulation of enzyme activity helps control metabolism

  1. Define allosteric regulation-
  2. How do ATP and ADP impact enzyme productivity?
  3. Describe what is meant by feedback inhibition.
  4. How are enzymes organized within a multicellular organism?