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Chapter 5 Section 3 Outline

Chapter 5 Sec. 3: Democracy and Greece’s Golden Age (pgs. 120-125)

1)Pericles’ Three Goals for Athens

-Pericles was the wise statesman who led Athens during its golden age

-He was so dominant that this time is sometimes called the ______.

a)Strong Democracy

i)Pericles increased the number of ______, which allowed even the poor to serve if elected or chosen by lot

ii)This made Athens one of the most democratic governments in history, but political rights were still limited to those with ______status.

iii)What is a direct democracy?

iv)Male citizens who served in the assembly established all the important government policies that affected the polis.

b)Athenian Empire

i)How did Pericles try to enlarge the wealth and power of Athens?

ii)Athens needed overseas trade to obtain supposed of ______and other ______materials.

c)Glorifying Athens

i)Pericles persuaded the Athenian assembly to vote huge sums of the league’s money to buy ______, ivory, and marble.

ii)More money went to an army of ______who spent _____ years building the Parthenon.

2)Greek Styles in Art

-The Parthenon used traditional Greek style for temples.

-It was built to honor the goddess ______and set the standard for future generations of artists

a)Greek Sculpture

i)The sculptor ______created the statue of Athena inside the Parthenon.

ii)Describe the state of Athena.

iii)Sculptors during the golden age created figures that were graceful, strong, and perfectly formed.

iv)What styles are known as classical art?

3)Greek Drama

-Theatrical productions in Athens were an expression of ______and a tribute to the gods.

-Actors used colorful costumes, masks, and sets to dramatize stories about ______, justice, and the duties owed to the gods.

-______citizens paid for the cost of producing the plays as part of their civic duty.

a) Tragedy

i)What is a Greek tragedy?

ii) Heroes usually have extraordinary abilities and a tragic flaw, which was often excessive pride.

Writer / Statistics about their plays / Major Work(s)
Aeschylus / 80 plays, only 7 survive / ______ – about Greek commander at Troy
Sophocles / ______plays / Oedipus the King and Antigone
______/ Featured sympathetic portrayals of women /

______

b)Comedy

i) What is a Greek comedy?

ii) Many Greek comedies were satires, or works that poked fun at a subject, like ______, politics, ______people, or ideas of the time

iii)______wrote the first great comedies of the stage, including The Birds and Lysistrata

iv)The fact that Athenians could listen to criticism of themselves showed the freedom and openness of ______that existed in democratic Athens.

4)Spartans and Athenians Go to War

a)Peloponnesian War

i)Sparta declared war against Athens in ______B.C.E. and the Peloponnesian War began.

ii) Athens had the strongest ______power in Greece and Sparta had the ______advantage.

iii)What did the Spartans eventually do to the Athenians?

iv)Pericles brought everyone into the city and they were safe as long as their ships could deliver food from colonies and other parts of the world.

b)Sparta Gains the Edge

i)In the second year of war, a ______killed between one-third and two-thirds of Athens’ population, including Pericles.

ii) In 415 B.C.E., a fleet of 27,000 Athenians sent to destroy ______were defeated

iii) Finally, in ______B.C.E., Athens and its allies surrendered to Sparta.

c)War Brings Political Changes

i)What happened to Athens after they lost the Peloponnesian War?

5)Philosophers Search for Truth

-philosophers, meaning “______” were determined to seek the truth, no matter where the search led them.

-They assumed that the universe is put together in an ______way and people can understand these laws through ______and reason.

a) Socrates

i)He believed that absolute standards did exist for truth and justice.

ii)He encouraged Greeks to go further and ______themselves and their moral character.

iii)In ______B.C.E., he was put to trial for “corrupting the youth of Athens” and condemned to death, but he later died after drinking a slow-acting poison.

b)Plato

i)A student of Socrates who was 28 when his teacher died

ii)Between 385 and 380 B.C.E., Plato wrote ______. In it he laid out his vision of a perfectly governed society.

iii)He believed there should be three groups in society, what were they?

c)Aristotle

i)A student of ______, he questioned the nature of the world and of human belief, thought, and knowledge.

ii) He invented a method for arguing according to rules of logic, a method that provides the basis of the ______used today.

iii) Who was Aristotle’s most famous pupil?