Chapter 5 Review Notes
C6H12O6 + 6O2 + ADP + P 6CO2 + 6 H2O + MOLECULE A
§ The process summarized by the equation begins in the cytoplasm of a cell and ends in the mitochondria.
§ Fermentation enables glycolysis to continue under anaerobic conditions.
§ ATP is called a cell’s “energy currency” because most of the energy that drives metabolism is supplied by ATP.
§ When living cells break down food molecules, energy is stored as ATP or released as heat.
§ Energy is required for a variety of life processes including growth and reproduction and transport.
§ When a phosphate group is removed from an ATP molecule, energy is released.
§ The major atmospheric by-product of photosynthesis is oxygen.
§ Chlorophyll is green because it reflects green wavelengths of light.
§ The source of oxygen produced during photosynthesis is water.
§ While one type of electron transport chain is used to form molecules of ATP, a second electron transport chain is used in forming molecules of NADPH.
§ At a proton pump of the thylakoid membrane, energy from electrons is used to make ATP.
§ The dark reactions of photosynthesis require ATP and NADPH, makes sugars, and is light independent.
§ The energy used in the Calvin cycle for the production of carbohydrate molecules comes from
§ ATP and NADH.
§ During photosynthesis, the series of reactions that create the complex carbohydrates needed for energy and growth is called the Calvin cycle.
§ During the third stage of photosynthesis, sugars are produced from carbon atoms from carbon dioxide in the air and hydrogen atoms from NADPH.
§ As light intensity increases, the rate of photosynthesis increases until the light saturation point is reached.
§ The process of cellular respiration breaks down food molecules to release stored energy.
§ Water is an end product in the electron transport chain.
§ Chlorophyll absorb primarily red and blue light and carotenoid absorbs yellow and orange.
§ Autotrophs make their own organic molecules by using energy from inorganic materials or sunlight.
§ The reactions that “fix” carbon dioxide are sometimes called dark reactions.
§ Glycolysis breaks down glucose into two pyruvates and is carried out in the cytoplasm of cells.
§ Pyruvate produced during glycolysis enters a mitochondrion during the second stage of cellular respiration.
Chapter 5 review notes page #3