CHAPTER 5 GENETICS TEST REVIEW: THE SCIENCE OF HEREDITY
Factors that control traits are called(P. 157)a.genes.
b.purebreds.
c.recessives.
d.parents.
Which term refers to physical characteristics that are studied in genetics? (p154)
a.traits
b.offspring
c.generations
d.hybrids
Scientists call an organism that has two different alleles for a trait a (p156-158)
a.hybrid.
b.trait.
c.purebred.
d.factor.
What does the notation AA mean to geneticists? (p157)
a.two dominant alleles
b.heterozygous alleles
c.at least one dominant allele
d.one dominant and one recessive allele
What does the notation Aamean to geneticists? (p157)
a.two dominant alleles
b.two recessive alleles
c.homozygous alleles
d.one dominant allele and one recessive allele
What is probability?(p162)
a.the actual results from a series of events
b.a number that describes how likely it is that an event will occur
c.the way the results of one event affect the next event
d.the number of times a coin lands heads up
What does a Punnett square show?(p164)
a.all the possible outcomes of a genetic cross
b.only the dominant alleles in a genetic cross
c.only the recessive alleles in a genetic cross
d.all of Mendel’s discoveries about genetic crosses
An organism’s physical appearance is its (p166)
a.genotype.
b.phenotype.
c.codominance.
d.heterozygous.
Alleles that are neither dominant nor recessive produce an inheritance pattern known as _(p167)______.
In pea plants, the allele for smooth pods (S) is dominant over the allele for pinched pods (s). Construct a Punnett square that shows a cross between an SS plant and an Ss plant. Predict what percent of the offspring are likely to have smooth pods. (p165) / Use the diagram to answer the next 2 questions. (p165)
Which trait—white flowers or purple flowers—is controlled by a dominant allele? Which is controlled by a recessive allele? How do you know?
In the F2 generation, what percent of the offspring have purple flowers? What is the genotype of the purple-flowered offspring?
______
The process in which a parent cell divides twice to produce sex cells is called ______.(p172)
Walter Sutton discovered that the sex cells of grasshoppers have (p171)
a.12 times the number of chromosomes found in the body cells.
b.twice the number of chromosomes found in the body cells.
c.the same number of chromosomes found in the body cells.
d.half the number of chromosomes found in the body cells.
The order of the bases along a gene determines the order in which (p176)
a.sugars are put together to form a carbohydrate.
b.phosphates are arranged in DNA.
c.amino acids are put together to form a protein.
d.chromosomes are arranged in the nucleus.
Where does protein synthesis take place? (p177-180)
a.in the ribosomes in the nucleus of the cell
b.on the ribosomes in the cytoplasm of the cell
c.in the chromosomes in the nucleus of the cell
d.on the chromosomes in the cytoplasm of the cell
What does messenger RNA do during protein synthesis?(p177-180)
a.copies the coded message from the DNA and carries it into the cytoplasm
b.copies the coded message from the DNA and carries it into the nucleus
c.carries amino acids and adds them to the growing protein
d.copies the coded message from the protein and carries it into the nucleus
What do transfer RNA molecules do during protein synthesis?(p177-180)
a.copy the coded message from the protein and carry it into the nucleus
b.copy the coded message from the DNA and carry it into the nucleus
c.carry amino acids and add them to the growing protein
d.copy the coded message from the DNA and carry it into the cytoplasm
Use the diagram to answer each question.(p177-180)
Identify structure A and state what it is made of.
Identify structures B and C.
Identify structure D and state where it is made.
Identify structure E and describe its function.
What are the three nitrogen bases in transfer RNA that pair with bases A-G-U in messenger RNA?
Some clover plants have leaves with a white stripe. Other clover plants have leaves with a white spot. When these two types of plants are crossed, the leaves of the offspring have a white stripe and a white spot. Explain how this inheritance pattern occurs. (p167)