Chapter 4: the Chemical Basis of Life
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Name: ______Date: ______
Chapter 4: The Chemical Basis of Life
Chapter 5: The Molecules of Life
Define the following:
Acid - ______
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Adhesion - ______
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Amino Acid - ______
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Atom - ______
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Atomic Number - ______
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Base - ______
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Buffer - ______
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Carbohydrate - ______
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Cellulose - ______
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Chemical Reaction - ______
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Cohesion - ______
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Compound - ______
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Covalent Bond - ______
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Element - ______
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Electron - ______
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Enzyme - ______
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Ionic Bond - ______
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Lipid - ______
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Matter - ______
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Molecule - ______
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Monomer - ______
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Nucleus (in an atom) - ______
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Neutron - ______
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Organic Molecule - ______
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pH Scale - ______
______
Polar Molecule - ______
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Polymer - ______
______
Protein - ______
______
Proton - ______
______
Chapter 4: The Chemical Basis of Life
Elements (page 72)
What are four examples of things made of matter?
What are two examples of elements?
What could happen to you if you don’t get enough of the trace element iron?
Compounds (page 73)
What is an example of a compound?
Atoms (pages 74-75)
Draw a diagram of a Helium atom and label its parts. How many protons does Helium have? How many electrons?
Why do electrons stay close to an atom’s nucleus?
Isotopes (page 76)
How can radioactive isotopes be helpful?
Electrons and Reactivity (page 77)
What determines how reactive an element will be?
Why are elements like hydrogen and carbon chemically reactive?
Ionic Bonds (page 78)
Explain how Sodium and Chlorine bond together.
Covalent Bonds (page 79)
What is the chemical formula for water? How many hydrogen atoms does one water molecule have? How many oxygen atoms?
What is the structural formula for water?
The Structure of Water (page 81)
Why do you think oxygen “steals” electrons in a water molecule?
Why do water molecules attract other water molecules?
Water’s Life-Supporting Properties (page 82)
How are trees dependent on cohesion and adhesion?
Acids, Bases and pH (pages 85-86)
What is the range of the pH scale? What are two HUMAN examples of acids? What is a HUMAN example of a base?
How are buffers used in your body?
Chapter 5: The Molecules of Life
Carbon Skeletons and Functional Groups (pages 92-93)
Why are carbon atoms so common in living things?
Monomers and Polymers (page 93)
Explain the relationship between monomers and polymers.
Sugars (pages 95-96)
What does your body use glucose (a type of sugar) for?
Polysaccharides (pages 96-97)
What compound do plants store excess sugar in? What compound does your body store excess sugar in?
Lipids (page 98)
What does your body use lipids for?
The Function of Proteins (page 100)
What does your body use proteins for?
Building a Protein (page 101)
Explain the relationship between amino acids and proteins.
Protein Shape (page 102)
What will happen to a protein if it gets too hot? Why is this bad?
Enzymes and Activation Energy (page 103)
Why are enzymes so important?