Name: ______

Class: ______Date______

Chapter 4: The Cell in Action

Directed Reading

Section: Exchange with the Environment

1. How does the movement of materials across the cell membrane relate to an organism’s survival?

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WHAT IS DIFFUSION?

2. The movement of particles from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration is called ______.

3. The fluids that surround and fill a cell are made mostly of ______.

4. Water is made up of particles called ______.

5. The diffusion of water through a semi permeable membrane is called ______.

6. Describe what happens in osmosis.

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7. Why is osmosis important to cell functions?

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8. Describe what would happen if you put red blood cells into a salty solution.

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9. Describe what happens to a wilted plant when it is watered.

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MOVING SMALL PARTICLES

Directions: Match the correct description with the correct term. Write the letter in the space provided.

_____10. particles moving across a cell membrane without using energy
_____11. passageways in a cell membrane
_____12. the movement of particles from an area of low concentration across a cell membrane
_____13. two examples of passive transport
_____14. what a cell needs to transport particles by active transport / a. channels
b. active transport
c. passive transport
d. diffusion and osmosis
e. energy

15. The channels in a cell membrane are made up of ______.

MOVING LARGE PARTICLES

16. A large particle can enter a cell by an active-transport process called ______.

17. What happens to a cell during the process of endocytosis?

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18. A large particle can leave a cell by an active transport process called ______.

19. What happens to a cell during the process of exocytosis?

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Use the figures below to answer questions 20 and 21

20. In what order would the figures demonstrate exocytosis?

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21. In what order would the figures demonstrate endocytosis?

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SECTION: CELL ENERGY

1. Why do cells need energy?

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2. Where do plant cells get their energy? ______

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3. Where do many animal cells get the energy they need?

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FROM SUN TO CELL

_____4.Where does almost all of the energy that fuels life come from?

a. the Earthc. plants

b. gasolined. the sun

5. Plants are able to change the sun’s energy into food through the process of ______.

6. The molecules in plant cells that absorb light energy are called ______.

7. Plants get their green color from ______.

8. What is glucose?

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9. Explain why glucose is important to a plant cell.

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10. Photosynthesis produces ______and ______.

GETTING ENERGY FROM FOOD

11. Cells use ______to break down food.

12. Many cells are able to get energy without using oxygen through a process called ______.

13. Why is breathing important to many organisms?

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14. Describe what takes place during cellular respiration in complex organisms.

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15. What does your body do with the energy released during cellular respiration?

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16. Adenosine triphosphate, also called ATP, supplies ______that fuels cell activities.

17. Cellular respiration in the cells of eukaryotes takes place in the ______inside the cell.

18. During photosynthesis, plant cells use carbon dioxide to make glucose and release oxygen. How is this different from cellular respiration?

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19. Why do you get a burning sensation in your muscles during strenuous exercise?

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20. How does the process of fermentation help bread rise?

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Directions: Match the correct description with the correct term. Write the letter in the space provided.

____21. This occurs when cells use oxygen to produce energy from food.
____22. This is the breakdown of food without using oxygen.
____23. This forms carbon dioxide, CO2, during fermentation and is used to help bread rise.
____24. This is converted into food by the process of photosynthesis.
____25. This is released during photosynthesis, when cells take in CO2.
____26. This is released by cells during cellular respiration. / a. oxygen
b. yeast
c. the sun’s energy
d. cellular respiration
e. water, carbon dioxide, and energy
f. fermentation

SECTION: THE CELL CYCLE

1. Why is it important for your body to produce millions of new cells by the time you finish reading this sentence?

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THE LIFE OF A CELL

_____2. When does the cell cycle begin?

  1. when the cell is formed
  2. when the cell divides
  3. when the cell uses energy
  4. when the cell takes in oxygen

_____3. When does the cell cycle end?

  1. when the cell is formed
  2. when the cell divides and makes new cells
  3. when the cell uses energy
  4. when the cell takes in oxygen

4. What must a cell do before it can divide to make a new cell?

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5. What makes sure that each new cell will be an exact copy of its parent cell?

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6. A cell without a nucleus is a(n) ______cell.

7. A cell with a nucleus is a(n) ______cell.

8. A chromosomes is the ring of DNA in a(n) ______cell.

9. A chromosome is made up of DNA and protein in the nucleus is a(n) ______cell.

10. Are bacteria prokaryotic cells or eukaryotic cells? ______

11. Bacteria create new cells through a kind of cell division called ______.

12. When binary fission is complete, the result is two cells that each contain one copy of ______.

13. The chromosomes of eukaryotic cells have more ______than do the chromosomes of prokaryotic cells.

14. Humans have ______chromosomes, while fruit flies have only ______. Potatoes have ______chromosomes.

15. Chromosomes that line up in pairs are called ______.

16. What do pairs of homologous chromosomes have in common?

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17. In the beginning of the eukaryotic cell cycle, the cell grows and duplicates its ______and ______.

18. After a chromosome is duplicated, the two copies are called ______.

19. Where are chromatids held together? ______.

20. Chromatids in eukaryotic cells separate during a process called ______.

21. Describe what happens during the first stage of the cell cycle in a eukaryotic cell.

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22. Describe what happens during the second stage of the cell cycle in a eukaryotic cell.

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23. Describe what happens during the third stage of the cell cycle in a eukaryotic cell.

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MITOSIS AND THE CELL CYCLE

_____24. Before mitosis begins, what paired cell structures are copied?

  1. the cell plates
  2. the chromosomes
  3. the cell membranes
  4. the nuclear membrane

Directions: Use the diagrams below to help answer questions 25-30, which describe the phases of the cell cycle. Write the correct phase in each blank, using:

Interphase -- Interphase

Prophase -- Mitosis Phase 1

Metaphase -- Mitosis Phase 2

Anaphase is --Mitosis Phase 3

Telephase -- Mitosis Phase 4

Cytokinesis -- Cytokinesis

______25. Chromatids separate and move to opposite sides of the cell.

______26. The chromosomes line up along the equator of the cell. Homologous chromosomes pair up.

______27. Before mitosis begins, chromosomes are copied.

______28. A nuclear membrane forms around the two sets of chromosomes, and the chromosomes unwind. Mitosis is complete.

______29. Mitosis begins. The nuclear membrane dissolves. Chromosomes condense into rodlike structures.

______30. In cells that lack a cell wall, the cell pinches in two. In cells that have a cell wall, a cell plate forms between the two cells.

31. Describe how animal cells and eukaryotes without cell walls divide their cytoplasm during cytokinesis.

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Directions: Place the following structures in the order in which they form in eukaryotic cells with cell walls during cytokinesis. Write the appropriate number in the space provided.

______32. cell wall

______33. cell plate

______34. cell membrane

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Chapter 4: The Cell in Action