Test Preparation Review
Chapter 4
Rome
To help prepare for exams, review the concepts and answer the questions listed here.
Birth of Rome
1. Romulus and Remus
2. Etruscans
Origins
Customs
How important were sports and athletic activities to the Etruscans?
What sources do we have available that provide information about the Etruscans?
Did the Greeks influence the Etruscans? If so, in what ways?
Burial tombs
Murals
Paintings
Artifacts
The tomb of the Olympic Games (1958)
What was depicted in this tomb?
What sports and athletic activities did the Etruscans participate in?
Did Etruscan women participate in sports?
Did the Etruscans enjoy combat sports?
Examples?
What Etruscan customs or practices did the Romans adopt from the Etruscans?
Funeral rights
Blood sacrifice
Fight until death using captured prisoners or criminals
Cruel and harsh when dealing with groups, countries, or people who opposed them
Roman Republic – dates?
Government
Sports/PE Activities
Purpose of Government
Philosophy
Religion
Philosopher Directors - what service did they provide?
Stoic Philosophy - mind/body
Zeno
Epicurean Philosophy - mind/body
What did Epicureans enjoy?
What was their philosophical position of the body?
Marcus T. Cicero
Social critic of arena sports - why did he do this?
Sports and Physical Education / Exercise in Rome.
What did Romans do for exercise?
Where did they go to see massive spectacles - identify venues.
What would they see?
Military training
Types of fitness activities
To what extent did Greek exercises appeal to Roman military leaders?
Nero
Who was he and what did he contribute to the arts and athletic competitions?
Antiochus
Who was he? What did he have to say about the training of the mind and body?
Emperor Domitian (AD 51 - 96)
What type of athletic contests appealed to him? How did he show his support?
Roman Health Gymnastics
Therme
Claudius Galen
What did he accomplish ? How did he gain his reputation? What was his profession?
What did he have to say about athletes? Did he caution his clients against certain forms of exercise? If so, identify these.
Capitoline Games
Romanized "Olympic" Games in Syria
J. Carcopino - "Daily Life in Ancient Rome"
Circus Maximus
Events
Flavian Ampitheater / Coliseum
What Emperor built it? Where did the money come from?
Who actually provided the labor and how long did it take to build?
Who were the participants?
What type of spectacles took place?
What was the Ludis Magnus used for?
Roman Cynics
Roman Politicians and their association with "bread and circus's"
How did the Romans view gladiators?
Were they popular?
Were Romans sad when gladiators met their fate – death in the arena?
Were gladiator combats reserved for men or could women become gladiators?
How prevalent were Roman amphitheaters throughout the Roman world? Were these venues confined primarily to Rome or were they built throughout the Empire?
Byzantine Empire – Dates?
What kind of sports were popular in Constantinople?
Identify the two syndicates? Did they exist only to provide competition or did they morph into an organization that was powerful?
What was the Nika Revolt? Where did it happen and who was involved?
How did Christianity view the competitions and spectacled that were popular during the Roman Republic and Roman Empire?
Who was Josephus?
To what extent did King Herod support / encourage athletic competition? Be able to provide examples. Did the Jews of Herod’s time support athletic competition? Why or why not?
Test Preparation 4-1