Chapter 36: Anti-Colonial
Chapter 36: Anti-Colonial
What was the status of India within the British Empire after World War I? What were some of the sources of tension in India at this time? ______
Two warring factions emerged in China between the wars: the Nationalists and the Communists. What values and interests did each represent? What advantages did each have? ______
To what extent was the continent of Africa transformed by the Great War? What circumstances caused changes to occur and what was the nature of those changes? ______
What factors caused Africans to challenge European authority during the Great War? ______
Explain the role of the United States and the financial interests of U.S. businesses in the evolution of economic imperialism in Latin America. ______
Describe the reaction of various Latin American states to neocolonialism. ______
Looking at the careers of artist Diego Rivera and entertainer Carmen Miranda, discuss how popular culture related to international politics and diplomacy between the United States and Latin America during the decades after the Great War. ______
2. The most influential organization dedicated to the end of British rule in India was(p. 1007)
a. the Muslim League. b. the Pan-Indian Association. c. the Indian National Congress.
3. Satyagraha was(p. 1007)
a. Gandhi’s philosophy of passive resistance.
b. the Islamic leader who called for the creation of Pakistan for India’s Muslims.
c. the Nazi attack on Jewish shops known as the “night of broken glass.”
d. a new artistic movement that flourished after World War I.
e. the Chinese nationalist party headed by Jiang Jieshi.
4. Which of the following was not one of the foundations of Gandhi’s philosophy? (p. 1008)
a. an attempt to improve the position of the harijans
b. boycotting British goods
c. heavy industrialization
d. passive resistance
e. economic self-sufficiency
5. The India Act of 1937 (p. 1008)
a. gave total independence to India from Britain.
b. instituted new measures of oppression that the British used to quell opposition to their rule in India.
c. gave the institutions of a self-governing state to India, although the British government still
exercised overall control.
d. created the Muslim state of Pakistan.
e. provided a clear timetable for the independence of India.
6. Muhammad Ali Jinnah called for the creation of(p. 1008)
a. Pakistan. b. Iraq. c. Palestine. d. Saudi Arabia. e. Indonesia.
8. Bal Gangadhar Tilak was(p. 1009)
a. the first political leader of the independent country of India.
b. the first political leader of Pakistan.
c. an Indian nationalist that garnered great support for the Indian independence movement.
d. a scholar that promoted a mass revival of Buddhism in India.
e. an Indian resistance fighter against the British.
9. The May Fourth Movement(p. 1010)
a. disguised the beginning of Stalin’s great purge of his enemies.
b. was Lenin’s shocking free market reforms.
c. perfectly expressed growing Japanese nationalism.
d. galvanized the Chinese against foreign interference.
e. is the perfect representation of Ghandi’s nonviolent movement.
10. The former teacherthat became the leader of the Chinese communist movement was(p. 1010)
a. Jiang Jieshi. b. Sun Yatsen. c. Mao Zedong. d. Guomindang.
11. Sun Yatsen’s plan for China included all of the following except(pp. 1010–1011)
a. the elimination of privileges for foreigners.
b. the establishment of a communist, totalitarian government.
c. national reunification.
d. economic development.
e. a democratic republican government based on universal suffrage.
12. Mao Zedong’s main rival after 1925 was(p. 1011)
a. Sun Yat-sen. b. Mohandas Gandhi. c. Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai-shek). d. Puyi.
13. The nationalist government of China was challenged by all of the following except(p. 1012)
a. the possibility of a revolution led by Chinese communists.
b. Japanese aggression.
c. economic hardship caused by the Great Depression.
d. local Chinese warlords that controlled a portion of China.
e. both c. and d.
14. The Long March(p. 1012)
a. destroyed Mao Zedong’s credibility with the Chinese.
b. left Jiang Jieshi in complete control of the Chinese Communist Party.
c. forced Mao Zedong to flee China and hide in the Soviet Union.
d. greatly strengthened Mao Zedong’s leadership position.
e. was the final victory for the Guomindang.
15. Maoism was (p. 1012)
a. a political ideology that held that the urban proletariat was that foundation for a successful
communist revolution.
b. solely an economic policy based on encouraging agrarian growth in China.
c. solely an economic plan that encouraged the growth of industry in China.
d. a political ideology that held that peasants were the foundation for a successful communist
revolution.
e. a foreign policy agenda that actively encouraged open relations with democratic Western powers.
16. The Great Depression led Japan to (p. 1013)
a. institute greater democratic reforms for its government.
b. embrace more Western institutions.
c. consult more frequently with other countries on matters of security and economics.
d. turn toward a militaristic government whose goal was the domination of east Asia.
e. a revolution that placed the Japanese communist party in power.
17. The Mukden incident(p. 1013)
a. started active warfare between the Chinese nationalists and communists.
b. started the career of Mao Zedong.
c. resulted in the signing of the Sino-Russian Pact.
d. provided Germany with an excuse to send troops into Poland.
e. provided Japan with the excuse to send troops into Manchuria.
20. All of the following African colonies were compelled by European colonial powers to participate in
World War I except(p. 1014)
a. British colonies. b. Spanish colonies. c. Belgian colonies. d. German colonies.
22. Pan-Africanism is an idea that advocated(p. 1020)
a. the formation of individual African states whose borders were the same as those established by the
European colonial powers.
b. the creation of individual African states based solely on religious affiliation.
c. the creation of individual African states based on the language groups.
d. the establishment of Muslim states throughout Africa.
e. the unification of all people of African descent around the globe into one African state.
23. One of the greatest proponents of Pan-Africanism was(p. 1020)
a. Martin Luther King, Jr. b. Malcolm X. c. Jomo Kenyatta. d. Marcus Garvey.
25. Which of the following are U.S. policies towards Latin America? (pp. 1023–1024)
a. New Deal b. Dollar Diplomacy c. Good Neighbor Policy d. both b and c
26. This Mexican president nationalized his country’s oil industry, thus posing a challenge to the United
States policy of non-intervention in Latin American affairs. (p. 1025)
a. Lázaro Cárdenas b. Diego Rivera c. José Carlos Mariátegui d. Juan Batista Sacasa
Good Neighbor Policy ______
Three Principles of the People ______
Marcus Garvey______
Long March______
Muhammad Ali Jinnah ______
Indian National Congress______
Muslim League______
India Act of 1937______
Long March______
Maoism______
Self-Determination______
Sun Yatsen______
Mao Zedong______
Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai Shek) ______
Long Answer: Write answer to as many questions as possible
1. Examine United States President Woodrow Wilson’s concept of the self-determination of nations. Why did it have such a profound impact in the years following World War I on Asia, Africa, and Latin America? How specifically did it contribute to the rise of nationalism and political identities in Asia, Africa, and Latin America?
- Mao Zedong proposed that “the present upsurge of the peasant movement is a colossal event.” Why did Mao
champion the peasants as a revolutionary force? Why was this proposal so radical? Compare Mao’s philosophy to
that of Marx and Lenin.
3. Examine the evolution of Indian nationalism. What role did Gandhi play in the process? What were his main ideas? What made the Indian situation so complicated in regard to forging a sense of national unity and achieving independence?
4. Examine the struggle for political stability in China in the 1920s and 1930s. What role did Sun Yatsen play in this process? Compare and contrast the political philosophies of Jiang Jieshi and Mao Zedong.
5. Compare and contrast Indian and Chinese nationalism. In what ways did they differ? What were the main threats to each? Which would be more successful?
6. Nationalism in Africa did not emerge in only one form. Who were some of the leaders of African nationalism and what were some of the different approaches that they held for establishing African national identity and ultimately an Africa independent of European influence?
- Study the excerpt from Marcus Garvey on page 1019 regarding “Africa for Africans.” How does Garvey convey to his listeners the need for African independence? How does he believe that African independence can be accomplished?