Chapter 3 States of Matter Study Guide

  1. Define temperature

The measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object

  1. Explain each process:
  2. Sublimation – process of a solid becoming a gas
  3. Condensation – process of a gas becoming a liquid
  4. Evaporation – process of a liquid becoming a gas
  5. Freezing point – temperature when a liquid becomes a solid
  6. Boiling point- temperature when a liquid becomes a gas
  1. Describe the shape and volume of the following:
  2. Solid – definite shape and volume
  3. Liquid – no definite shape, but definite volume
  4. Gas - no definite shape or volume
  5. Plasma – no definite shape or volume, excited electrons that move freely
  1. Charles’s law relates the volume of a gas to its what?temperature
  1. When a fixed sample of gas increases in temperature, it must also do what? Increase in pressure
  1. Which method for determining buoyant force states that the buoyant force on an object in a fluid is an upward force equal to the weight of the fluid that the object displaces?Archimedes’ Principle
  1. Explain the kinetic theory of matter.All matter is made of particles whose motion depend on temperature and size.
  1. How does the density of an object in a liquid compare to the density of the liquid? (i.e. if its less than or greater than) If an object is less dense than the liquid, it will float. If the object is more dense than the liquid, it will sink. If it is the same density as the liquid, it will be suspended.
  1. State Pascal’s Principle.A change in pressure at any point in an enclosed fluid will be transmitted equally to all parts of the fluid.
  1. What force keeps an object floating in a liquid? Buoyant Force
  1. Compare the movement of less massive particles with the movement of more massive particles at the same temperature.

Less massive particles move faster than more massive molecules at the same temperature.

  1. Boyle’s law relates the volume of a gas to what?The pressure. If volume increases, pressure decreases.
  1. State Gay-Lussac’s law of gases.

The pressure of a gas increases as the temperature increases, if the volume of the gas does not change; the pressure decreases as the temperature decreases.

  1. State Bernoulli’s Principle

As the speed of a moving fluid increases, the pressure of the moving fluid decreases.

  1. State Charles’s Law of Gases

For a fixed amount of gas at a constant pressure, the volume of the gas increases as the gas’s temperature increases.