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Chapter 28 Study Guide: International Contacts & Conflicts

Chapter 29 Study Guide: The West in the 20th Century

Confidence and Internationalism on the Eve of World War I (p.677)

  1. Why did the International Statistical Congress meet in 1863 and what followed in 1864 as a result?

1863:

1864:

  1. What is internationalization?
  1. How did internalization intensify the world network in the following areas?
  2. Business:
  1. Science:
  1. Industry:
  1. Athletes:
  1. What were the two related weaknesses to the international movement?

1st:

2nd:

  1. What was the World Court?

(28.1)World War I

The Onset of World War I (p. 679)

  1. What countries made up the two alliance systems and why was their tension between these groups?
  1. Explain why Russia was interested in the Balkans.
  1. What incident triggered Germany’s support of Austria-Hungary in 1914?
  1. Why was Germany “frightened” of Russia’s mobilization of troops, and what did it do as a result?
  1. Why was this war different from previous wars?

Patterns of War in Europe (p. 681)

  1. What was the most single important cause of America’s entry into the war in 1917?
  1. How did the governments grow as a result of the war?

The War Outside Europe (p. 683)

  1. How did the United States change from a debtor nation to an international creditor nation before their entry into WWI?

Combatants in Africa, Asia, and the Middle East (p. 683)

  1. Describe how the war involved or spread to the following areas:

Africa:

East Asia:

India:

  1. Who did the Ottoman Empire support in WWI? Why?
  1. Explainthe significance of the Balfour Declaration of 1917.
  1. Who became the two new leading powers in the world?

The War’s End (p.684)

  1. Explain how the Brest-Litovsk Treaty appeared beneficial to the Germans, but turned out to be a mistake.
  1. Why did the German military install a civilian leader and the Kaiser abdicate?

The Peace and the Aftermath (p. 684)

  1. Who convened in Versailles (Paris) in 1919?
  1. Describe the settlement (agreements) as a result of the Treaty of Versailles.

France:

Italy:

Japan:

U.S.:

Germany:

  1. How did China suffer?
  1. What happened to the Austro-Hungarian Empire?
  1. What was Germany blamed for and what did Germany vow to do?
  1. How did Russia suffer?

The War’s Devastations and Dislocations (p. 686)

  1. How much of the population was lost?
  1. List the ways in which WWI weakened Europe.

Demographics:

Economy:

  1. How did WWI affect the colonies?
  1. How was the Ottoman Empire carved up?
  1. What was the League of Nations? Was it successful?

(28.2)The Great Depression

Causes of Economic Instability (p. 687)

  1. In the 1920s, how did agricultural overproduction and leading industrial nations help to create an international economic disaster? This answer spans the entire orange section!

Collapse and Crisis (p. 688)

  1. When did the depression begin? With what event?

Worldwide Impact (p. 688)

  1. Which country seemed relatively untouched by the world economy? Why?
  1. How did the global depression affect Latin America and Japan? Read through the end of the orange section!

Latin America:

Japan:

(29.1) The Disarray in the West, 1914-1945 (p. 708)

  1. How did events such as the Russian Revolution inspire political and economic changes in Western Europe?
  1. Describe some of the social changes of the “Roaring 20s,” including for women.

The Impact of the Depression (p. 709)

  1. In what ways did the depression heighten political polarization?
  1. Define and give the significance of the following term: The New Deal.
  1. Define and give the significance of the following term: Popular Front.

The Challenge of Fascism (p. 710)

  1. Define and give the significance of the following term: Fascism.
  1. Create a PERSIA chart for Hitler’s totalitarian state.

Political:

Economic:

Social:

Interactions:

Artistic:

  1. Describe the Anti-Semitismmovement led by Hitler.
  1. What was the basis of Hitler’s foreign and military policies? What was his goal?

(28.3) World War II (p. 689)

New Authoritarian Regimes (p. 691)

  1. How did Japan fall into increasingly militaristic hands despite the desire for more moderate parties by Japanese voters?
  1. Why were the Japanese worried about success of Chinese nationalist forces in gaining ground in their effort to unify China after the 1911 revolution? What happened in 1931?
  1. Why was the League of Nations’ reprimand of Japandeemed ineffective?
  1. What was the National Socialist Party? What did its members advocate for?
  1. How was it that Adolf Hitler was able to gain control of Germany?
  1. How did the Nazi state construct a war machine?
  1. How did Benito Mussolini create his authoritarian regime in Italy?

The Steps Toward War (p. 692)

  1. Create a timeline for totalitarian aggressive steps toward war.

1935:

1936:

1938:

1939:

  1. What was the general reaction to these aggressive actions?
  1. What was the Tripartite Pact?

The Course of the War: Japan’s Advance & Retreat (p. 693)

  1. Explain Japan’s reasons for pulling the United States into WWII?
  1. What happened on December 7, 1941? Why was it significant?

Germany Overreaches (p. 694)

  1. What was the blitzkrieg? Where did it lead to German success in the early part of the war?
  1. Why did France fall quickly to the Germans?
  1. How did Great Britain withstand German advances?
  1. Describe the German battles with the Soviet Union.
  1. What was significant about the Battle of Stalingrad?
  1. What was happeningin other areas as fighting with the Soviet Union was occurring?
  1. What forced Japan to surrender? What were the consequences for WWII and beyond?

Human Costs (p. 696)

  1. Describe the human costs of WWII due to cruelty, weaponry, and unprecedented power. This answer should span the whole orange section!

In Depth: Total War (p. 696)

  1. Why do many historians believe that total war made rational peacetime settlements more difficult than did earlier types of warfare?

The Settlement of WWII (p. 700)

  1. What were some of the main difference between the United Nations and the League of Nations? Be sure to read on through the next page!
  1. Describe the basic meeting, decisions, and impact of the following conferences:

Teheran, Iran:

Yalta, Soviet Crimea:

Potsdam, Berlin:

  1. What was the post-war status of the following countries/regions:

Japan:

Korea:

China:

Colonial Possessions:

Eastern European Nations:

  1. What two great movements would shape international contacts in the decades after the war?
  1. Define and give the significance of the following term: Cold War.

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