Chapter 13 – Managing Your Fertility
Multiple Choice
1.Which of the following methods is NOT considered contraception?
A)abortion
B)condoms
C)diaphragms
D)birth control pills
Answer:A
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2.Which of the following BEST describes the use effectiveness of a contraceptive?
A)the projected success rate when used precisely as directed
B)the success rate from clinical trial use of the product
C)the failure rate when used precisely as directed
D)the success rate based on actual use by the general public
Answer:D
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3.The effectiveness of a contraceptive for women of childbearing age is commonly expressed as
A)the percentage that does not become pregnant while using the method for one year.
B)the percentage risk of failure based on product testing by the manufacturer.
C)the number of failures per 1,000 uses based on user surveys.
D)educated guesses by the sellers of the contraceptive.
Answer:A
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4.A contraceptive practice in which the penis is removed from the vagina before ejaculation is known as coitus
A)interfereus.
B)interruptus.
C)interposeus.
D)intromitus.
Answer:B
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5.The human sperm is viable in the female reproductive tract for as long as
A)fifteen to twenty hours.
B)twenty-four to thirty-six hours.
C)two to three days.
D)one week.
Answer:D
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6.The calendar method, cervical mucus method, and basal body temperature method all attempt todetermine
A)time of ovulation.
B)success of a contraceptive.
C)whether a woman is pregnant.
D)whether spermatozoa have reached the egg.
Answer:A
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7.Cindy and her husband are trying to have a baby. Based on the calendar method of birth control, when is the BEST time (approximately) for them to have intercourse in order to conceive?
A)one week after the beginning of menstruation
B)two weeks after the beginning of menstruation
C)three weeks after the beginning of menstruation
D)four weeks after the beginning of menstruation
Answer:B
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8.Faye is using the calendar method of contraception. If her menstrual cycle is always 27 days, when should she abstain from intercourse to avoid becoming pregnant?
A)day 1 through day 14
B)day 6 through day 14
C)day 9 through day 16
D)day 14 through day 18
Answer:C
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9.In the temperature method of contraception, the woman should abstain from intercourse
A)as soon as her temperature falls.
B)as soon as her temperature increases.
C)after her temperature falls, then rises.
D)after her temperature rises one degree, then falls.
Answer:B
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10.Spermicides are MOST effective when used
A)with oral contraceptives.
B)one hour after intercourse.
C)with a barrier contraceptive.
D)immediately after intercourse.
Answer:C
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11.What do condoms with spermicides have in common with total abstinence?
A)They are more popular worldwide than any other contraceptive methods.
B)They are among the least popular methods of birth control.
C)Both offer protection against sexually transmitted diseases.
D)In use, both are 100 percent effective.
Answer:C
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12.Which of the following is FALSEregarding nonoxynol-9?
A)Nonoxynol-9 decreases the likelihood of disease transmission.
B)Nonoxynol-9 may cause skin irritations in some individuals.
C)Nonoxynol-9 may cause skin abrasions in some individuals.
D)Some health centers have stopped distributing condoms with nonoxynol-9.
Answer:A
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13.How do diaphragms,Lea’s Shield, and FemCap work? They
A)cover the cervical opening and keep semen out of the uterus.
B)expel semen from the vagina.
C)kill spermatozoa that enter the cervix.
D)prevent fertilized eggs from implanting in the uterus.
Answer:A
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14.Which of the following is recommended for condom users?
A)Protect condoms from extreme temperatures.
B)Slightly inflate the condom before use to check for pinholes.
C)Maintain an air space at the tip of the condom when putting it on.
D)If lubrication is needed, use only petroleum jelly in small quantities.
Answer:A
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15.The world’s MOST popular reversible contraceptive device is the
A)condom.
B)diaphragm.
C)intrauterine device.
D)oral contraceptive pill.
Answer:C
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16.A very rare side effect of IUD use is
A)pelvic inflammatory disease.
B)cervical caner.
C)heart disease.
D)stroke.
Answer:A
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17.All of the following statements are TRUE regarding teens who have “pledged virginity until marriage”EXCEPT
A)they are just as likely to have sex as non-pledgers.
B)they are less likely to use contraceptives than non-pledgers.
C)they have similar rates of oral sex as non-pledgers.
D)the vast majority are able to abstain from intercourse until marriage.
Answer:D
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18.Research indicates that oral contraceptive use may provide protection against all of the following EXCEPT
A)pelvic inflammatory disease.
B)breast cancer.
C)ovarian cancer.
D)anemia
Answer:B
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19.Sarah has been using the oral contraceptive “Seasonale,” which is designed to prevent her from
A)having any menstrual cycles.
B)having a menstrual cycle every month.
C)transmitting or acquiring any sexually transmitted disease.
D)having menstruation side effects.
Answer:B
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20.Current attempts to create a male contraceptive drug are focusing on
A)killing sperm.
B)stopping the production of sperm.
C)making sperm incapable of fertilization.
D)“locking” the sperm release mechanism.
Answer:B
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21.All of the following are potentially dangerous side effects of the oral contraceptive pill EXCEPT
A)blood clots.
B)strokes.
C)hypotension.
D)heart attacks.
Answer:C
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22.Which of the following BEST summarizes the connection between oral contraceptives and cardiovascular disease?
A)Oral contraceptives are riskier than either pregnancy or childbirth.
B)Oral contraceptives double the risk of cardiovascular disease in women under 35.
C)Research finds no clear connection between oral contraceptive use and heart disease.
D)Oral contraceptives increase the risk of cardiovascular disease in women over 35.
Answer:D
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23.Which of the following is TRUEabout emergency hormonal contraception?
A)Regular oral contraceptives cannot be used for this purpose.
B)Only Plan B is approved by the FDA.
C)It is illegal in the United States.
D)It is usually ineffective.
Answer:B
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24.The difference between the most popular oral contraceptives and the minipill is that minipills
A)contain the same active ingredients, but in lower dosages.
B)are only for use as morning-after pills.
C)contain no estrogen.
D)are more effective.
Answer:C
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25.Depo-Provera is an example of a(n)
A)minipill.
B)contraceptive implant.
C)injectable contraceptive.
D)combined oral contraceptive.
Answer:C
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26.The most common side effect of Depo-Provera is
A)amenorrhea.
B)ectopic pregnancy.
C)fluctuations in sex drive.
D)mild depression.
Answer:A
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27.Which of the followingis FALSEregarding the contraceptive ring and contraceptive patch? Both
A)are used for three weeks then removed for one week.
B)contain estrogen and progesterone.
C)work similarly to the oral contraceptive pill.
D)are able to protect against sexually transmitted diseases.
Answer:D
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28.A common male sterilization procedure is called
A)testicular ligation.
B)tubal ligation.
C)cauterization.
D)vasectomy.
Answer:D
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29.What happens to sperm production in men with vasectomies? Sperm
A)continue to be produced, but are destroyed by white blood cells.
B)production ceases within six months to a year after the vasectomy.
C)continue to be produced, but migrate to other tissues where they eventually die.
D)production ceases, and those remaining are absorbed back into testicular tissues.
Answer:A
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30.The MOST common form of female sterilization involves
A)removing the uterus.
B)removing the ovaries.
C)cutting the fallopian tubes.
D)removing the fallopian tubes.
Answer:C
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31.The number of abortions that occur each year in the United States is approximately
A)1.40 million.
B)1.20million.
C)2.20 million.
D)2.49 million.
Answer:B
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32.Rebecca is having an abortion in the eighth week of her pregnancy. Which procedure will MOST likely be used?
A)saline injection
B)vacuum aspiration
C)menstrual extraction
D)dilation and curettage
Answer:B
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33.The Mifeprexabortion pill,formerly known as RU486, works by
A)denying nourishment to the embryo.
B)blocking estrogen’s role in supporting the endometrium.
C)causing uterine contractions that detach the endometrium.
D)blocking progesterone’s role in supporting the endometrium.
Answer:D
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34.Which of the following is currently used to induce a medication abortion during the first trimester of pregnancy?
A)mifepristone
B)nonoxynol-9
C)rifampin
D)Lybrel
Answer:A
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35.Which of the following methods of birth control has the LOWEST use effectiveness?
A)IUD
B)contraceptive implant
C)contraceptive patch
D)diaphragm
Answer:D
Pages:334-335
36.If possible, which of the following would NOT be a procedure within the process of cloning of a human?
A)Doctors surgically retrieve an egg from the female donor.
B)The nucleus of the egg is removed.
C)A cell is taken from a cloning subject.
D)The clonal embryo is implanted in the female donor.
Answer:D
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37.The type of cells that have the potential of developing into tissues or organs that would match the tissues or organs in the person who donated the genetic material are referred to as ______cells.
A)cloning
B)stem
C)embryonic
D)clonal
Answer:B
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38.Sexually active women of childbearing age who do not use contraception stand about a(n) ____ percent chance of becoming pregnant within a year.
A)40
B)55
C)70
D)85
Answer:D
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39.In which part of the female reproductive tract is the environment hostile to sperm?
A)fallopian tube
B)vagina
C)uterus
D)ovum
Answer:B
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40.If a fertile couple has intercourse at the time of ovulation, why is the chance of conception not 100 percent?
A)The female reproductive tract contains natural barriers to sperm.
B)The semen may contain no sperm at times.
C)Most sperm live for too short a time.
D)The cervix may be closed.
Answer:A
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41.On average, between _____ million and ____ million sperm cells are deposited during ejaculation.
A)100; 150
B)200; 500
C)500; 750
D)800; 950
Answer:B
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42.All of the following are considered “aids to fertilization” EXCEPT
A)sperm deposits near the cervical opening.
B)uterine contractions.
C)the speed of the sperm.
D)the contoured shape of the fallopian tubes.
Answer:D
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43.On average, most sperm will survive in the woman’s reproductive tract for ______day(s) following intercourse.
A)one
B)two to three
C)four to five
D)six to seven
Answer:B
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44.All of the following are presumptive signs of pregnancy EXCEPT
A)a missed period after unprotected intercourse.
B)nausea upon awakening.
C)a decrease in size and tenderness of breasts.
D)a darkening of the areolar tissue surrounding the nipples.
Answer:C
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45.The name of the structure that is created when the sperm and egg first unite is referred to as a(n)
A)blastocyst.
B)zygote.
C)embryo.
D)fetus.
Answer:B
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46.The third trimester of pregnancy is characterized by
A)fetal growth.
B)development of organs.
C)fetal cell differentiation.
D)the appearance of a heartbeat.
Answer:A
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47.Most spontaneous abortions are believed to occur because of
A)maternal stress.
B)the mother’s activities.
C)the mother’s substance use.
D)genetic or developmental problems.
Answer:D
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48.Which of the following is a sign late in pregnancy that labor will happen soon? The
A)baby’s heart rate will increase by 15 percent.
B)mother will experience unusual food cravings.
C)position of the baby will suddenly be lower.
D)baby can be felt to kick inside the womb.
Answer:C
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49.What is the best way to recognize true labor pains? The
A)pains are mild and irregular.
B)uterus can be felt to contract.
C)pelvic cavity feels heavy
D)pains are regular and more intense.
Answer:D
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50.In the United States, the birth process for a first-time mother averages about ______hours.
A)two to three
B)ten to twelve
C)twelve to sixteen
D)eighteen to twenty-four
Answer:C
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51.Effacementof the cervix during labor refers to
A)opening.
B)thinning.
C)tightening.
D)lubricating.
Answer:B
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52.The end of the first stage of labor, when the cervix has fully dilated, is called
A)transition.
B)afterbirth.
C)delivery.
D)vernix.
Answer:A
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53.During labor, the cervix will dilate from zero to ____ centimeters.
A)four
B)six
C)eight
D)ten
Answer:D
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54.For most women, the strongest labor pains occur during
A)transition.
B)delivery of the baby.
C)delivery of the afterbirth.
D)the first stage of labor.
Answer:A
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55.By the time labor reaches the transition phase, the pattern of the contractions are
A)constant.
B)up to ninety seconds with up to a minute between contractions.
C)up to sixty seconds with five minutes between contractions.
D)twenty seconds with about two minutes between contractions.
Answer:B
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56.Gail’s doctor says she might require a C-section at delivery time. This will involve
A)removing the baby through an incision in the abdomen.
B)surgically removing the uterus after birth.
C)surgically widening the perineum.
D)surgically widening the vagina.
Answer:A
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57.Home pregnancy tests detect levels of which substance?
A)human chorionic gonadotropin
B)prostaglandins
C)oxytocin
D)luteinizing hormone
Answer:A
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58.Each year in the United States, about ______children spend time in foster homes.
A)100,000
B)200,000
C)300,000
D)500,000
Answer:D
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59.At the beginning of the third trimester, the fetus generally weighs from
A)one to two pounds.
B)two to three pounds.
C)three to four pounds.
D)five to six pounds.
Answer:B
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60.It is possible for a woman to develop which condition if she does not maintain sound nutritional habits during her pregnancy?
A)lupus
B)osteoporosis
C)gestational diabetes
D)anemia
Answer:D
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61.The percentage of American couples that have problems with infertility is estimated at
A)3 percent.
B)4 percent.
C)6 percent.
D)10 percent.
Answer:D
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62.The MOST common cause of infertility in men is
A)impotence.
B)mutated sperm.
C)congenital sterility.
D)insufficient sperm delivery.
Answer:D
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63.How is artificial insemination of humans usually done?
A)Sperm are placed near the cervix.
B)Sperm are placed into each fallopian tube.
C)Ova are fertilized in test tubes and then placed in the uterus.
D)Sperm are placed into the fallopian tube where ovulation occurs.
Answer:A
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64.Transcervical balloon tuboplasty is used to clear blockages of the
A)uterus.
B)cervix.
C)fimbriae.
D)fallopian tubes.
Answer:D
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65.Fertility drugs are usually prescribed when a woman has
A)structural abnormalities that block the passage of sperm.
B)a highly acidic vaginal environment.
C)problems with ovulation.
D)endometriosis.
Answer:C
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66.Which of the following is an advantage of “test tube” methods of fertilization over drugs or artificial insemination?
A)The fertilized eggs that result are more viable.
B)The fertilization process is more controllable.
C)The child’s gender can be selected.
D)Pregnancy is guaranteed.
Answer:B
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67.The major unresolved controversy surrounding surrogate parenting is
A)whether the process increases the risk of birth defects.
B)whether the practice breaks state or federal laws.
C)whether rich people are exploiting poor women.
D)to whom the child belongs.
Answer:D
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True/False
68.Birth control and contraception are similar terms, but birth control is a broader concept.
Answer:True
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69.The behavior termed outercourse is sexual gratification that does not involve coitus.
Answer:True
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70.Cost is rarely an issue in selecting a method of birth control.
Answer:False
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71.The use effectiveness of a contraceptive is almost always lower than the theoretical effectiveness.
Answer:True
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72.Periodic abstinence methods of contraception are based on avoiding intercourse near the time of ovulation.
Answer:True
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73.Periodic abstinence is an acceptable birth control method for practicing Catholics.
Answer:True
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74.Spermicides are moderately effective for occasional use without other forms of contraception.
Answer:True
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75.Nonoxynol-9 is very effective in decreasing the likelihood of disease transmission.
Answer:False
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76.Current recommendations are to use dry or lubricated condoms without spermicide.
Answer:True
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77.Diaphragms can typically be purchased over the counter wherever condoms are sold.
Answer:False
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78.Those who choose to use the diaphragm should consult their physician regarding which spermicide to use.
Answer:True
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79.A Lea’s Shield is similar to a diaphragm but has a central air valve that permits air to move out from beneath the shield to allow a closer fit.
Answer:True
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80.The way in which IUDs prevent pregnancy is not fully understood.
Answer:False
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81.The only method of reversible contraception that is more effective than the oral contraceptive is the diaphragm.
Answer: False
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82.Unlike other contraceptive methods, oral contraceptives have no side effects.
Answer:False
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82.Injectable contraceptives and subdermal contraceptive implants are as effective as oral contraceptives.
Answer:True
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83.After a vasectomy, men can no longer produce sex hormones.
Answer:False
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84.Most vasectomies can be reversed.
Answer:False
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85.During a tubal ligation, the vas deferens is removed.
Answer:False
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86.An abortion by Mifeprex (RU-486) can only be performed very early in the pregnancy.
Answer:True
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87.The most commonly used abortion procedure is vacuum aspiration.
Answer:True
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88.Human cloning has been accomplished numerous times in the United States.
Answer:False
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89.A woman’s reproductive tract is a supportive environment for sperm.
Answer:False
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90.Once the sperm has entered the fallopian tube, its journey to the egg is guaranteed.
Answer:False
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91.During ovulation, the cervical mucus is thicker in order to prevent the passage of sperm through the cervical opening.
Answer:False
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92.One missed menstrual period is a confirmation of pregnancy.
Answer:False
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93.Diagnostic medical X-rays are not a threat to developing fetuses.
Answer:False
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94.The prescription anti-acne medication Accutane has been found to be harmful to developing fetuses.
Answer:True
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95.Home pregnancy tests are highly accurate.