Below you will find answers to the "Review" study questions found at the end of this chapter in Microbiology: An Introduction, 7th edition.
- Conidiospores are asexual spores formed by the aerial mycelia of one organism. Ascospores are sexual spores resulting from the fusion of the nuclei of two opposite mating strains of the same species of fungus.
Phylum / Asexual / Sexual
Zygomycota / Zygospore / Sporangiospore
Ascomycota / Blastoconidia, Arthrospore / Ascospore
Basidiomycota / Blastoconidia / Basidiospore
Genus / Mycosis
Blastomyces / Systemic
Sporothrix / Subcutaneous
Microsporum / Cutaneous
Trichosporon / Superficial
Aspergillus / Systemic
- E. coli.
- P. chrysogenum
- The alga produces carbohydrates for the lichen, and the fungus provides both the holdfast and protection from dessication.
- As the first colonizers on newly exposed rock or soil, lichens are responsible for the chemical weathering of large inorganic particles and the consequent accumulation of soil.
Dinoflagellates* / Cellulose and silica / Some produce neurotoxins
Diatoms* / Pectin and silica / Produce much O2; fossilized inclusions form petroleum
Red algae / Cellulose / Grow in deep water; source of agar
Brown algae / Cellulose and alginic acid / Source of algin
Green algae / Cellulose / Plantlike
*Unicellular- The green algae (Chlorophyta) could be placed in the plant kingdom. They have chlorophyll b, as do land plants, and have colonial forms. In the most advanced colonial form (Volvox), groups of Chlamydomonas-like cells live together; some are specialized for reproductive functions, which suggests a possible evolutionary route for the formation of plant tissue. The other algae are most often classified as protists.
- Cellular slime molds exist as individual amoeboid cells. Plasmodial slime molds are multinucleate masses of protoplasm. Both survive adverse environmental conditions by forming spores.
Archaezoa / Flagella / Giardia
Microsporidia / None / Nosema
Rhizopoda / Pseudopods / Entamoeba
Apicomplexa / None / Plasmodium
Ciliophora / Cilia / Balantidium
Euglenozoa / Flagella / Trypanosoma
- Trichomonas cannot survive for long outside of a host because it does not form a protective cyst. Trichomonas must be transferred from host to host quickly.
- Asexual reproduction occurs in the human host and sexual reproduction takes place in the mosquito. The definitive host and the vector are the mosquito.
- Ingestion.
- This is a cestode. The encysted larva is called a cysticercus. Tapeworms are dorsoventrally flattened and have an incomplete digestive system.
- The male reproductive organs are in one individual, and the female reproductive organs in another. Nematodes belong to the Phylum Aschelminthes.
Mechanical / Housefly / Salmonellosis
Suitable for reproduction of parasite / Ixodes / Lyme disease
As a host / Anopheles / Malaria
Below you will find answers to the "Multiple-Choice" study questions found at the end of this chapter in Microbiology: An Introduction, 7th edition.
- c
- b
- b
- a
- d
- b
- a
- c
- a
- d