Exam #4

Study Guide

Chapter 13: The Peripheral Nervous System and Reflex Activity

  1. Define peripheral nervous system and list its components.
  2. Classify general sensory receptors by structure, stimulus detected, and body location.
  3. Define ganglion and indicate the general body location of ganglia.
  4. Describe the general structure of a nerve.
  5. Discuss the process of nerve regeneration.
  6. Name the 12 pair of cranial nerves; indicate the body region and structures innervated by each.
  7. Describe the formation of a spinal nerve and the general distribution of rami.
  8. Define plexus. Name the major plexuses and describe the distribution and function of the peripheral nerves arising from each.
  9. Name the components of a reflex arc and distinguish between autonomic and somatic reflexes.

Chapter 14: The Autonomic Nervous System

  1. Define autonomic nervous system and explain its relationship to the peripheral nervous system.
  2. Compare the somatic and autonomic nervous systems relative to effectors, efferent pathways, and neurotransmitters released.
  3. Compare and contrast the functions of the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions.
  4. For the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions, describe the site of the CNS origin, location of ganglia, and general fiber pathways.
  5. Describe the three efferent pathways involved in the sympathetic nervous system.
  6. State the effects of the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions on the following organs: heart, blood vessels, gastrointestinal tract, lungs, adrenal medulla, and external genitalia.
  7. Define cholinergic and adrenergic fibers, and list the different types of their receptors.
  8. Know all of the information in tables 14.3, 14.4, and 14.5 in the text book.
  9. Be able to apply the information in the above tables in a practical way.

Chapter 15: Special Senses

  1. Describe the location of taste receptor across the surface of the tongue.
  2. Describe the components of a taste bud.
  3. Describe the afferent pathway of taste perception.
  4. Describe the components of the olfactory epithelium.
  5. Describe the afferent pathways of olfaction.
  6. Describe the structure and functions of the accessory eye structures, eye tunics, lens, and humors of the eye.
  7. Trace the pathway of light through the eye to the retina.
  8. Explain how light is focused for distant and close vision.
  9. Describe the events involved in stimulation of photoreceptors by light by contrasting the roles of rods and cones.
  10. Trace the visual pathway to the visual cortex.
  11. Describe the structure and general function of the outer, middle, and inner ears.
  12. Describe the sound conduction pathway to the fluid of the inner ear, and follow the auditory pathway from the organ of Corti to the temporal cortex.
  13. Explain how the balance organs of the semicircular canals and the vestibule help maintain dynamic and static equilibrium.
  14. List and define various sensory disorders described in lecture.

This study guide covers the majority of information on the exam but not all of it. You are still responsible for any information that was covered in the notes but not put on this guide (intentionally or unintentionally). Good Luck and Study Hard!!