Nutrition & You, 4e (Blake)
Chapter 12 Consumerism and Sustainability: Food from Farm to Table
1) A growing trend in food advertising is to
A) make the product very cheap.
B) market heavily to young adults.
C) package the product in bright colors.
D) target older adults.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 458
Skill: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 12.1
Section: 12.1
2) Over the past few decades, the number of farms in the United States has
A) increased.
B) decreased.
C) remained the same.
D) not been monitored.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 460
Skill: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 12.2
Section: 12.2
3) Which of the following factors is a challenge faced by present-day farmers?
A) competition with other farmers
B) consumers' demands for low food prices
C) the high costs of farming
D) All of the answers are correct.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 461
Skill: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 12.2
Section: 12.2
4) Precision agriculture involves
A) cultivating the land at precisely the same time each year.
B) knowing the precise boundaries of every farm.
C) using new technologies to farm more efficiently.
D) None of the answers is correct.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 461
Skill: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 12.2
Section: 12.2
5) The largest agricultural crop produced in the United States is
A) corn.
B) soybeans.
C) sugarcane.
D) wheat.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 463
Skill: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 12.2
Section: 12.2
6) What percentage of the average American's income is spent on what he or she eats today?
A) less than 5 percent
B) less than 10 percent
C) 20 percent
D) over 25 percent
Answer: B
Page Ref: 461
Skill: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 12.2
Section: 12.2
7) Approximately what percentage of the U.S. population is employed in the agribusiness sector?
A) 10 percent
B) 5 percent
C) 15 percent
D) 25 percent
Answer: B
Page Ref: 462
Skill: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 12.2
Section: 12.2
8) What percentage of the world's soybean production occurs in the United States?
A) 10 percent
B) 25 percent
C) 50 percent
D) 80 percent
Answer: C
Page Ref: 463
Skill: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 12.2
Section: 12.2
9) More than 70 percent of the ______grown in the United States is used to make food products for human consumption.
A) wheat
B) corn
C) soybeans
D) rice
Answer: A
Page Ref: 463
Skill: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 12.2
Section: 12.2
10) Which of the following states does not have a high concentration of beef farms?
A) Montana
B) Texas
C) Oklahoma
D) Missouri
Answer: A
Page Ref: 463-464
Skill: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 12.2
Section: 12.2
11) The "Americanization" of many food cultures around the world is the cause of a growing problem with
A) infections.
B) arthritis.
C) obesity.
D) asthma.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 464
Skill: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 12.2
Section: 12.2
12) What percentage of an American's food comes from outside the United States?
A) 7 percent
B) 13 percent
C) 17 percent
D) 23 percent
Answer: C
Page Ref: 465
Skill: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 12.2
Section: 12.2
13) Of the following food products and beverages consumed in the United States, which is imported in the greatest volume?
A) wine and beer
B) fish and shellfish
C) fruits and nuts
D) sweeteners and candy
Answer: B
Page Ref: 465
Skill: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 12.2
Section: 12.2
14) The "Know Your Farmer Know Your Food (KYF2)" initiative is sponsored by
A) the USDA.
B) the FDA.
C) Future Farmers of America.
D) the WHO.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 470
Skill: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 12.3
Section: 12.3
15) Which of the following agricultural inputs (or their by-products) can affect the environment?
A) pesticides
B) antibiotics
C) manure
D) Virtually all the inputs used and formed during food production and processing affect the environment in some way.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 467
Skill: Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 12.3
Section: 12.3
16) Cows are injected with recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST) so that
A) they can produce more milk.
B) they become more fertile.
C) the milk they produce is more nutritious.
D) they are more resistant to disease.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 473
Skill: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 12.4
Section: 12.4
17) Cows are injected with hormones in order to
A) increase weight gain.
B) increase milk production.
C) increase meat production.
D) All of the answers are correct.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 473
Skill: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 12.4
Section: 12.4
18) A sustainable food system is one that is
A) equitable socially.
B) environmentally friendly.
C) economically viable.
D) All of the answers are correct.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 466-467
Skill: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 12.3
Section: 12.3
19) The time it takes to regenerate one inch of nutrient-rich topsoil is approximately
A) one year.
B) 50 years.
C) 100 years.
D) 500 years.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 469
Skill: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 12.3
Section: 12.3
20) Which of the following phrases describes an immediate result of a reduction in biodiversity?
A) global warming
B) reduced variety and nutritional quality of the human diet
C) restricted food production
D) None of the answers is correct.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 467-468
Skill: Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 12.3
Section: 12.3
21) The ______has developed guidelines for the judicious use of antibiotics in food-producing animals.
A) CDC
B) CVM
C) FDIC
D) USDA
Answer: B
Page Ref: 474
Skill: Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 12.4
Section: 12.4
22) The agency that evaluates all food pesticides via a four-part risk assessment is the
A) FDA.
B) USDA.
C) EPA.
D) CVM.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 475
Skill: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 12.4
Section: 12.4
23) Which of the following actions is not an approach used in IPM (integrated pest management)?
A) use of pest-resistant strains of crops
B) crop rotation
C) irradiation of crops
D) introduction of pests' natural predators
Answer: C
Page Ref: 476-477
Skill: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 12.4
Section: 12.4
24) ______is the application of biological techniques to living cells to alter their genetic makeup.
A) Biocytology
B) Biotechnology
C) Biochemistry
D) Biotoxicology
Answer: B
Page Ref: 477
Skill: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 12.5
Section: 12.5
25) Which of the following characteristics is not a result of the production of bioengineered crops?
A) added nutritional value
B) increased tolerance to herbicides
C) increased resistance to diseases and pests
D) increased resistance to rain storms
Answer: D
Page Ref: 477-478
Skill: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 12.5
Section: 12.5
26) ______is a food that has been bioengineered so that it makes beta-carotene and stores extra iron.
A) Frankenfood
B) Bt corn
C) "Golden" rice
D) The high-oleic-acid soybean
Answer: C
Page Ref: 479
Skill: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 12.5
Section: 12.5
27) Which of the following organizations is not an agency that regulates bioengineered foods?
A) the FTC
B) the FDA
C) the EPA
D) the USDA
Answer: A
Page Ref: 480
Skill: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 12.5
Section: 12.5
28) The genetic modification of corn that makes the plants resistant to certain pests is achieved by incorporating a gene from
A) E. coli.
B) Campylobacter.
C) Listeria monocytogenes.
D) Bacillus thuringiensis.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 479
Skill: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 12.5
Section: 12.5
29) The U.S. government donates surplus, unsold foods grown and raised on U.S. farms to run the
A) National School Lunch Program.
B) Summer Food Service Program.
C) Child and Adult Care Food Program.
D) All of the answers are correct.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 483
Skill: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 12.6
Section: 12.6
30) A food can display the USDA Organic seal or be labeled "organic" if ______of its ingredients are organic.
A) 75 percent
B) 85 percent
C) 95 percent
D) 100 percent
Answer: C
Page Ref: 485
Skill: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 12.7
Section: 12.7
31) If a food label says "100% Organic," then
A) the USDA Organic seal may be displayed.
B) the food must be composed entirely of organic ingredients.
C) the food cannot contain sulfites and must declare the certifying agent.
D) All of the answers are correct.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 485
Skill: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 12.7
Section: 12.7
32) If a food label says "Made with Organic Ingredients," then the food
A) contains at least 70 percent organic ingredients.
B) is composed entirely of organic ingredients.
C) contains at least 95 percent organic ingredients.
D) contains less than 70 percent organic ingredients.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 486
Skill: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 12.7
Section: 12.7
33) If no organic claim is made on a food label, then the food
A) contains at least 70 percent organic ingredients.
B) is composed entirely of organic ingredients.
C) contains at least 95 percent organic ingredients.
D) contains less than 70 percent organic ingredients.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 486
Skill: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 12.7
Section: 12.7
34) If a food label says "Organic" and/or displays the USDA Organic seal, then the food
A) contains at least 70 percent organic ingredients.
B) is composed entirely of organic ingredients.
C) contains at least 95 percent organic ingredients.
D) contains less than 70 percent organic ingredients.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 485
Skill: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 12.7
Section: 12.7
35) Foods labeled "Free Range" require producers to demonstrate that the animal was allowed access to the outdoors
A) for a minimum of 2 hours each day.
B) at least once a week.
C) for at least 5 hours each day.
D) No specific time period to have access to the outdoors is specified.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 484
Skill: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 12.7
Section: 12.7
36) Chemicals used to kill mold are called
A) fungicides.
B) herbicides.
C) organophosphates.
D) antibiotics.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 475
Skill: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 12.4
Section: 12.4
37) Synthetic pesticides that adversely affect the nervous system of pests are called
A) fungicides.
B) herbicides.
C) organophosphates.
D) antibiotics.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 475
Skill: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 12.4
Section: 12.4
38) Drugs that kill or slow the growth of bacteria are called
A) fungicides.
B) herbicides.
C) organophosphates.
D) antibiotics.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 474
Skill: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 12.4
Section: 12.4
39) Substances or a combination of substances that control the spread of bacteria and viruses on non-living surfaces or objects are called
A) herbicides.
B) organophosphates.
C) antibiotics.
D) antimicrobials.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 475
Skill: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 12.4
Section: 12.4
40) Substances used to kill and control weeds are called
A) herbicides.
B) organophosphates.
C) antibiotics.
D) antimicrobials.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 475
Skill: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 12.4
Section: 12.4
41) A person who purchases a quick meal at the local drive-through is not really a food consumer.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 458
Skill: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 12.1
Section: 12.1
42) Family-owned farms make up more than 97 percent of all farms in the United States.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 461
Skill: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 12.2
Section: 12.2
43) More than 75 percent of American farms generate gross revenues of less than $50,000 per year.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 461
Skill: Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 12.2
Section: 12.2
44) Americans have increased the portion of their income spent on food over the last several decades.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 461
Skill: Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 12.2
Section: 12.2
45) Fewer than one million American farmers are producing food to feed the country's 300+ million people.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 460
Skill: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 12.2
Section: 12.2
46) In the United States, livestock consumes more than half of the staple crops grown.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 463
Skill: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 12.2
Section: 12.2
47) Wheat is the primary commodity crop in the United States.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 462
Skill: Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 12.2
Section: 12.2
48) Pigs tend to be raised indoors to protect them from the effects of weather and disease.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 464
Skill: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 12.2
Section: 12.2
49) The United States produces only enough food for its needs, with little left to export.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 464
Skill: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 12.2
Section: 12.2
50) Imported foods present an increased risk of contamination as compared to domestic products.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 465
Skill: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 12.2
Section: 12.2
51) Buying from small local farms guarantees that the purchased food was grown sustainably.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 469-470
Skill: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 12.3
Section: 12.3
52) Antibiotics can be introduced into the food supply in animal feed or via injection into food-producing animals.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 474
Skill: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 12.4
Section: 12.4
53) Topsoil and the plants that grow in it depend on each other and benefit from each other.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 468-469
Skill: Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 12.3
Section: 12.3
54) Animals that consume low-dose antibiotics in their feed gain more weight than those consuming antibiotic-free food.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 474
Skill: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 12.4
Section: 12.4
55) Chronic use of antibiotics can increase the risk of development of antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 474
Skill: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 12.4
Section: 12.4
56) Herbicides are a type of pesticide.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 475
Skill: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 12.4
Section: 12.4
57) Plant breeding is a form of genetic engineering.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 477
Skill: Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 12.5
Section: 12.5
58) The relabeling and reformulating of food products in response to food policy uniformly ensures healthier food products.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 481-482
Skill: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 12.6
Section: 12.6
59) The federal government is the nation's biggest food consumer.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 481
Skill: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 12.6
Section: 12.6
60) Organically grown food is free from all pesticides.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 485
Skill: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 12.7
Section: 12.7
61) The two commodity crops that are most widely grown in the United States are corn and soybeans.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 462
Skill: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 12.2
Section: 12.2
62) The industry associated with the production, processing, and distribution of agricultural products, including food, is termed agribusiness.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 462
Skill: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 12.2
Section: 12.2
63) A facility where pigs are fed grain and other foods before they are slaughtered is called a feedlot.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 464
Skill: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 12.2
Section: 12.2
64) Most of the corn harvested in the United States is used to feed livestock, not humans.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 463
Skill: Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 12.2
Section: 12.2
65) The top three food crops grown in the United States are corn, soybeans, and rice.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 462
Skill: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 12.2
Section: 12.2
66) The word locavore refers to a person who eats locally grown food whenever possible.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 469-470
Skill: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 12.3
Section: 12.3
67) The use of hormones, antibiotics, and pesticides in farming may impact the environment.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 477
Skill: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 12.4
Section: 12.4
68) Drugs that kill or slow the growth of bacteria are called fungicides.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 475
Skill: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 12.4
Section: 12.4
69) The presence of a wide variety of plant and animal species within a given environment is called biodiversity.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 467-468
Skill: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 12.3
Section: 12.3
70) When the earth's crust is less fertile or cannot be regenerated, the food system can be disrupted.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 468-469
Skill: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 12.3
Section: 12.3
71) Americans eat more poultry products than either beef or pork.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 464
Skill: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 12.2
Section: 12.2
72) NARMS, a joint effort among the FDA CVM, the USDA, and the CDC, was established to monitor the prevention of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains in animals and humans.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 474
Skill: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 12.4
Section: 12.4
73) Biopesticides are less toxic than chemical pesticides, generally affect only a targeted pest, and decompose relatively quickly.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 475
Skill: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 12.4
Section: 12.4
74) The synthetic pesticides referred to as organophosphates destroy pests by attacking their nervous system.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 475
Skill: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 12.4
Section: 12.4
75) Just under half of the soybeans grown in the United States are genetically engineered.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 478
Skill: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 12.5
Section: 12.5
76) Some people who express concern over the use of genetically modified foods call them "monster" foods.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 479-480
Skill: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 12.5
Section: 12.5
77) The corn crops that contain the Bt gene are resistant to competition from weeds.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 479
Skill: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 12.5
Section: 12.5
78) Some government programs are food consumers.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 481
Skill: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 12.6
Section: 12.6
79) A farm is an establishment that produces and sells at least $1,000 worth of agricultural products annually.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 459
Skill: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 12.2
Section: 12.2
80) The portion of the United States where corn is grown in abundance is called the corn district.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 463
Skill: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 12.2
Section: 12.2
81) Two medically important by-products of pork are insulin (used for managing diabetes) and heart valves (used in heart surgery in humans).
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 464
Skill: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 12.2
Section: 12.2
82) Trace the pathway food takes from the farm to the consumer.
Answer: The steps in the pathway from food production to consumption are farm, food processor, distributor, seller, and consumer.
Page Ref: 459
Skill: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 12.2
Section: 12.2
83) What is a disadvantage of using technology and machinery in farming?
Answer: Both modern technology and machinery are very expensive. Farmers need to invest in new equipment continually, and each expenditure raises the costs of farming and thus potentially reduces farmers' profits. In some cases farm machinery may increase certain kinds of pollution.
Page Ref: 461
Skill: Analysis
Learning Outcome: 12.2
Section: 12.2
84) Compare the primary usages of corn and wheat grown in the United States.
Answer: About 80% percent of corn is used to feed livestock; more than 70% of wheat is used for food products for humans, such as bread and cereal.
Page Ref: 463
Skill: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 12.2
Section: 12.2
85) What are the two primary reasons food is imported into the United States from other countries?
Answer: U.S. consumers demand a wide array of foods, even foods that are not in season in the United States but are being grown in other parts of the world. U.S. consumers also demand low food prices; because farming in the United States is expensive, it can be cheaper to import foods from other countries where the cost of agriculture may be lower.