Chapter 10 Notes: Cell Growth & Division
Section 10.1: Cell Growth
Why are cells so small?
- DNA “Overload”:
- Difficult to exchange materials:
Why is Surface Area (SA) to Volume (V) ratio (SA/V) so important?
- Cells require…
- As a cell grows,…
How big can a cell get?
What does it do when it reaches this size?
- Stop…
- Divide…
- Process is called…
- Step 1: DNA Replication & Division—
- Step 2: Fission—
What is the difference between asexual & sexual reproduction?
- Asexual—
- Offspring…
- Easier to do, …
- Sexual—
- Offspring is…
- Harder to do, …
Section 10.2: Cell Divison:
Prokaryotic Chromosomes:
- Only contain…
- They also…
Prokaryotic Cell Division A.K.A.
-Step 1: DNA Replication
- Each of the…
-Step 2: Fission
- The mother cell…
Eukaryotic Cell Division:
-Step 1: Mitosis
- This is the…
- Each daughter cell…
- Has…
-Step 2: Cytokinesis
- This is the…
What is a chromosome?
-Condensed…
-A cell’s DNA…
-The 3 billion base pairs…
What is the diploid (2n) of Homo sapiens? ____ Canis familiaris? ____Drosophila melanogaster? ____Zea mays? ____ S. cerevisiae? ____ Penicillium species? _____
Chromosome Structure:
- Has…
- Each side of…
- Sister chromatids…
Centromeres…
- Kinetochores…
Chromosome Structure (the confusing parts)
- Chromatin…
- Chromosomes…
- When the chromatids…
The Eukaryotic Cell Cycle:
-2 Main Phases
- Interphase
- M-Phase
-Interphase:
- Growth Phase 1 (G1-Phase)
- Synthesis Phase (S-Phase)
- Growth Phase 2 (G2-Phase)
- Cell Produces…
- Centrioles…
- “Spell Checks”…
-M-Phase:
- Mitosis—
- The 4 Mitotic Phases (PMAT):
- Cytokinesis—
-The Mitotic Phases:
- Prophase:
- Chromatin…
- Nuclear Envelope…
- Centrioles…
- Mitotic Spindle…
- Metaphase:
- Chromosomes…
- Nuclear Envelope…
- Centrioles…
- Spindle…
- Anaphase:
- Centromeres…
- Kinetochores…
- Chromosomes…
- Telophase:
- Opposite of…
- Chromosomes…
- Nuclear envelope…
- Spindle…
-Cytokinesis:
- Occurs…
- Actual division…
-Animal Cells:
- Starts with…
- Cleavage furrow…
-Plant Cells:
- Starts with…
- Cell plate…
-How often can cells divide?
- About…
- Known as…
-How does this happen?
- Telomeres…
- After 50 cell ÷…
-How is the cell cycle controlled in multicellular organisms?
- Contact Inhibition:
- Cells will divide…
- Internal & External Growth Factors:
- Cyclins-
- Internal Regulators-
- External Regulators-
- Apoptosis—a.k.a.
- The cell basically
- The pieces are…
- Apoptosis…
- Many cells…
- Many cancers…
-Uncontrolled Cell Growth (Cancer):
- Cancer cells do not respond…
- Their telomeres…
- The Hayflick Limit…
- The P53 Gene…
- Function P53 recognizes…
- When it malfunctions…
- The carcinogens in tobacco smoke…
-What are stem cells?
- They are…
-Types of embryonic stem cells:
- Totipotent:
- Can develop…
- Only the fertilized egg & first few cells…
- Pluripotent:
- Found in…
- Can turn into…
- The ICM…
-What are adult stem cells?
- These stem cells…
- Called multipotent because…