Chapter 10 Heat and Heat Technology (PS 7) Name ______

Word / Explanation / Drawings/Examples
Ball & Ring Set
Demonstration / What happened when ball was heated?
The ball wouldn't fit through the ring - the ball got larger/metal expanded
What happened when the ball was placed in water?
The water vaporized to steam/energy from the metal transferred quickly to the water (high to low temp) so the ball contracted and fit back through the ring
Temperature
(BrainPop) / The measure of the AVERAGE ___kinetic energy___ of the particles/molecules in an object. (not all particles moved at the same speed)
NOT affected by amount:
Temp _is not__ determined by how much of a substance you have so a pot of tea __will___ have the same temperature as a cup of tea poured from the pot even though there is more tea in the pot. / Same temp when you first pour!
Kinetic Energy of Particles / The __movement___ of the object's particles - the __faster___ the particles are moving, the _more___ kinetic energy they have. / More energy = higher temp!
Temperature:
Celsius
Kelvin / Used in Science: Celsius & Kelvin (SI)
Celsius - Unit__ºC__
Boiling Point__100 ºC __
Freezing Point __0 ºC ___
Room Temp ___20 ºC ___
Kelvin - Unit _K__ (no degree sign/ no negative numbers)
Boiling Point ___373 K__
Freezing Point __273 K__
Room Temp _293 K__ /
100 ºC
373 K
0ºC
273 K
Absolute Zero / The _lowest_ point on the Kelvin scale when all molecular motion ceases/stops. / Zero Kelvin = 0 K
Thermal Expansion / The increase in _ volume_ of a substance due to an __increased___ change in temperature because the molecules move __faster__ and __spread apart__, taking up more space ( ___volume__ ). The particles themselves don't expand... they spread out causing the whole object to expand and take up more space (less attraction between the particles) / Ex: bridge joins and alcohol in thermometers (expands when higher temp)
Most substances _contract_ when cooled and energy is __released_. The temperature _decreases_ as the average kinetic energy __decreases_.
Heat
(BrainPop) / Unit __Calories / (C) or Joules (J)__
The _TRANSFER_ of energy between objects that are at different _temperatures__
Transfer enough energy & you get a change of state – physical change! /
Temperature
vs
Heat / Temperature is a measure of the average amount of __Kinetic Energy__ and heat is the __transfer_ of energy due to a difference in temperature. / Pick up a wooden vs a metal spoon. Why does the metal spoon "feel cold" and the wooden spoon does not? (hint: think about insulators & conductors) you are transferring energy from your hand to the metal spoon but not so much energy from your hand to the wooden spoon
Insulators don’t transfer energy
Thermal Energy
(TE) / The __TOTAL_ amount of energy of __all__ the particles in a substance.
Unit: __Joules (J)___ / Low or high amounts of TE?
Relationship between
Heat and
Thermal Energy / High temp = _more_ thermal energy
Low temp = _less__ thermal energy
Why? the higher temp is due to the particles moving faster and therefore more movement = more TE
More particles = __more__ thermal energy
More particle movement = _more__ thermal energy.
True or False: A cup of hot coffee has the same amount of thermal energy as a cup of iced coffee. / Does thermal energy depend partly on temperature? Yes, because the amount of movement determines the amount of TE
Which has more Thermal Energy - pot or cup of same temp. tea? Pot because it has more particles... but the temperature would be the same