Chapter 10 Cell Growth & Division Notes

Chapter 10 Cell Growth & Division Notes

10-1 Cell Growth

I.  Increase in cell size increases the demands to move:

a.  nutrients

b.  wastes

II.  Surface Area

a.  Equation

Length x width x number of sides

b.  Influences the movement of:

i.

III.  Volume

a.  Equation

Length x width x height

b.  Influences the rate that:

i.

ii. 

IV.  Determining Ratio of Surface Area to Volume

a.  Equation : divide SA by Volume

b.  As a cell grows, the __volume_____ increases faster than the __surface area____

c.  Before a cell becomes too large it will __divide____ through a process called __cell______division______

10-2 Cell Division

CONCEPT MAP 10-2

I.  Prokaryotes divide by:

a.  Separating the contents of the cell into two parts

II.  Eukaryotes 2 Stage Division

a.  Divide nucleus; ___mitosis_____

b.  Divide the cytoplasm; ____cytokinesis____

c.  before cell division; genetic information is __carried by chromosomes___

i. chromosomes are copied (replicated) making two identical __”sister”______chromatids______

ii.  these chromatids are attached at a ___centromere_____

III.  Eukaryotic Cell Cycle – series of events cells go through before division

a.  During the cell cycle a cell performs the following tasks:

i. Cell grows

ii.  Prepares for division

iii.  Divides to form two daughter cells

b.  Four Phases of the cell cycle

i. M phase – includes both: mitosis & cytokinesis

INTERPHASE

ii.  G1

1.  cell increases in size

2.  makes new proteins & organelles

iii.  S

1.  copy chromosomes

iv.  G2

1.  organelles & molecules needed for cell division are made

QUIZ on cell cycle

Mitosis – 4 Phases

I.  Prophase – first and longest phase

a.  Takes as much as 50-60% of the total time required to complete mitosis

b.  The chromosomes become visible

c.  Centrioles are located in a region called the __cytoplasm____ that organizes the ___spindle___ that separates the ___chromosomes_____

II.  Metaphase

a.  Chromosomes line uo across the center of the center of the cell

b.  Microtubules connect the centromere of each chromosome tho the two poles of the spindle.

III.  Anaphase

a.  Centromeres that join the sister chromatids split allowing the sister chromotids to separate and become individual chromosomes

b.  The chromosomes continue to move until they have separated into two groups near the poles of the spindle

c.  Anaphase ends when the shromosomes stop moving.

IV.  Telophase

a. 

V.  Cytokinesis – division of the: ______

a.  In animal cells:

b.  In plant cells:

Analyzing Data pg. 249; Bio #1–4 & Gen Bio #1-2

10-3 Regulating the cell cycle

CONCEPT MAP 10-3

I.  CYCLINS – group of ______that regulate the cell cycle in ______cells

a.  Internal Regulators

i. Proteins that:

ii.  Allow the cell processes to proceed only after :

b.  External Regulators

i. Proteins that :

ii.  Growth factor examples

1. 

2. 

BONUS Opportunity – 5 pts. 3rd marking period

Designing an anti cancer drug – Bio 1 pg. 252

·  Show how they interrupt the cell cycle

·  Prevent cell division

Stem Cells: promises and problems pg. 253 – GEN BIO

3 paragraphs- Intro, Body, Conclusion

II.  Uncontrolled Cell Growth (cancer)

a.  Cells lose the ability to control ______

b.  Divide uncontrollably to form ______

c.  Cancer cells can break free from ______and circulate through out the body; called ______

d.  Cancer cells harm by:

i.

ii. 

iii. 

e.  p53 Gene

i.  normal function is to:

ii.  defective p53 gene causes