Chapter 21: THE LYMPHATIC AND IMMUNE SYSTEMS
The Lymphatic System (pg. 808)
Objectives
When you have completed this section, you should be able to
• list the functions of the lymphatic system;
• explain how lymph is formed and returned to the bloodstream;
• name the major types of cells in the lymphatic system and state their functions;
• name and describe the types of lymphatic tissues; and
• describe the form and function of red bone marrow, thymus, lymph nodes, tonsils, and spleen.
Nonspecific Resistance (pg. 820)
Objectives
When you have completed this section, you should be able to
• identify the body’s three lines of defense against pathogens;
• contrast nonspecific resistance with immunity;
• describe the defensive functions of each kind of leukocyte;
• describe the role of the complement system in resistance and immunity;
• describe the process of inflammation and explain what accounts for its cardinal signs; and
• describe the body’s other nonspecific defenses.
General Aspects of Specific Immunity (pg. 828)
Objectives
When you have completed this section, you should be able to
• define specific immunity;
• contrast cellular and humoral immunity, active and passive immunity, and natural and artificial immunity;
• describe the chemical properties of antigens;
• describe and contrast the development of T and B lymphocytes; and
• describe the general roles played by lymphocytes, antigen-presenting cells, and interleukins in the immune response.
Cellular Immunity (pg. 832)
Objectives
When you have completed this section, you should be able to
• list the types of lymphocytes involved in cellular immunity and describe the roles they play;
• describe the process of antigen presentation and T cell activation;
• describe how T cells destroy enemy cells; and
• explain the role of memory cells in cellular immunity.
Humoral Immunity (pg. 834)
Objectives
When you have completed this section, you should be able to
• explain how B cells recognize and respond to an antigen;
• describe the structure, types, and actions of antibodies;
• explain the mechanism of memory in humoral immunity; and
• compare and contrast cellular and humoral immunity.
Immune System Disorders (pg. 840)
Objectives
When you have completed this section, you should be able to
• distinguish between the four classes of immune hypersensitivity and give an example of each;
• explain the cause of anaphylaxis and distinguish local anaphylaxis from anaphylactic shock;
• state some reasons immune self-tolerance may fail, and give examples of the resulting diseases; and
• describe the pathology of immunodeficiency diseases, especially AIDS.