Pre-Test
Industrialism & Immigration in The Gilded Age (late 1800s)
Define: define the words below to the best of your ability. (2pts)
History:
Vocabulary: Choose the term from the list below that best matches each of the following statements. (1 pts each)
A. Arbitration
B. Capitalism
C. Gilded Age
D. Immigration
E. Industrialism
F. Laissez-faire
G. Migration
H. Monopoly
I. Nativism
J. Poverty
K. Socialism
L. Trust
_____ 1. Showing a predilection (fondness) to native-born Americans over foreign-born citizens.
_____ 2. Exclusive control of a public service, or commodity, utilized by the population as a whole.
_____ 3. A theory that insists the government should intervene as little as possible in the direction of economic affairs.
_____ 4. Process of allowing a neutral third party to evaluate a disagreement and provide a solution to the problem.
_____ 5. A society characterized by large-scale mechanized manufacturing rather than trade, farming, etc.
Main Idea Review: Four choices are given for each statement or question below. Select the best answer. (1 pt per question)
1. _____ In the late 19th Century, government attempted to regulate industry by passing the Interstate Commerce Act (1887) and Sherman Antitrust Act (1890). What posed the biggest obstacle to enforcement of these laws?
a. The business tactics of industrialists.
b. The use of vertical integration.
c. The rulings of the Supreme Court.
d. The theory of Social Darwinism
2. _____ Immigrants to the United States
a. Often had an easy journey to the United States.
b. Commonly passed through Ellis Island or Angel Island and were required to meet many different requirements.
c. Frequently found jobs that were ”high” paying.
d. Easily assimilated into American culture, due to the welcoming nature of most communities they arrived in.
3. _____ The Gilded Age was characterized by:
a. Teddy Roosevelt’s inability to prevent The Great Depression of the 1930s.
b. Irish immigrants, like all immigrant groups, saw their freedoms greatly increased during the late 19th century.
c. Big Business’ ability to take advantage of America’s economic system and saw little to no government regulation during the period.
d. None of the above.
Matching: Choose the individual from the list below that best matches their accomplishment or invention. (1 pts each)
A. Andrew Carnegie
B. Eugene V. Debs
C. Jane Addams
D. John D. Rockefeller
E. JP Morgan
F. Mary Harris Jones
G. Pres. Grover Cleveland
H. Pres. Rutherford B. Hayes
_____ 1. Female social worker who organized the Hull House in Chicago and sought to educate orphins and immigrants so that they could better their lot in life.
_____ 2. The wealthiest man in America at the turn of the century, who’s Northern Securities Company was to be broken-up because they commanded such a large influence in the railroad industry.
_____ 3. Iron/steel magnate whose company was the epitome of vertical mergers. But today his legacy lives on because of his philanthropy, at his death it was estimated he had given nearly $350 million to nationwide charities.
_____ 4. Labor union organizer who organized the American Railway Union, led the Pullman Strike, and later ran for President in 1912 as a Socialist Party candidate.
_____ 5. Female labor union organizer was known for her work on behalf of females and accomplishing children labor reforms.
True/False: For each of the following statements, determine whether the statement is true or false. If the statement is true, simply place a “T” in the blank. If the statement is false put an “F” in the blank and change the word or phrase that is underlined to make it a correct statement. (2 pts per question).
_____ 1. The Wrigley Process was used to turn iron into steel.
_____ 2. The Interstate Commerce Act gave the federal government the authority to regulate trade that occurred among multiple states.
_____ 3. The poor often relied on Social Darwinism for education and other social services that they were unable to provide for themselves.
_____ 4. The AFL was successful in obtaining collective bargaining rights for its members during the Gilded Age.
_____ 5. The Pinkertons were hired by Henry Clay Frick to “break” the Homestead Strike at Carnegie Steel in Pennsylvania.
Fill in the Blank: For each of the following statements, fill in the blank with the appropriate word, phrase, or name. (1 pt per blank).
1. The ______was the Gilded Age’s largest labor union, was headed by Samuel ______and in general distrusted the ______because it tended to support business owners rather than the daily laborers.
2. The ______was the Gilded Age’s most radical labor union, was headed by William “Big Bill” Haywood and in general used ______to try to persuade “big business” and the government into changing the way they treated day laborers.
3. In the Supreme Court decision United States v. E.C. Knight (1895) it ruled that the commerce clause of the Constitution excluded ______, thereby making incapable for Congress to regulate that sector of the economy.
4. ______European immigrants who came to the United States during the “Gilded Age” brought with them many skills and the ability to speak English. In contrast, ______Europeans who arrived during the later stage of the time period lacked the ability to speak English and were often times unskilled.
5. In response to rising immigration, organizations such as The American Protective Association were founded and promoted the use of ______hiring practices that sought to limit employment for Catholics, Jews, Irish, Chinese Americans.
Short Answer: Fill the lines below with a well, thought out answer. Provide a paragraph response (3-7 sentences) that answers the question clearly, completed and concisely. (6 pts)
1. Explain how industrial monopolies were created, the impact they had on workers, and the steps government took to limit them.
2. Describe why immigrants wanted to come to the United States near the turn of the 20th Century and summarize the challenges they faced after their arrival. (Ch. 7, Sec. 1)
3. Compare the contrasting viewpoints of the Gilded Age. (Ch. 6, Sec. 3 & Ch. 7, Sec. 2)