Name: Honors Kinesiology

Period:

Chapter 1: Introduction to Human Anatomy and Physiology (p. 1-73)

OBJECTIVES

  1. Define the terms anatomy and physiology, and explain their relationship using an example of a human structure with its corresponding function.
  1. List, in order from least to most complex, the levels of structural organization, discuss the relationship between the levels, and name an example at each level.

Write an introductory sentence that lists the levels from least to most complex.

Starting with the least complex level, complete the following:

  • name the level
  • define the term
  • provide an example
  • discuss how the next level is achieved.
  1. Name and define the ten life processes that distinguish living from non-living things.
  1. Specify the five environmental needs required for life.
  1. Define the term homeostasis, and name the manner in which homeostatic mechanisms are regulated. Then provide an example of a homeostatic mechanism in humans, and explain it fully, by providing a diagram followed by a complete essay explanation.
  1. Designate the five major human body cavities and name the organs within each on a human diagram.
  1. Describe the anatomical importance of the diaphragm muscle.
  1. Distinguish between visceral and parietal serous membranes, and differentiate between pericardial, pleural, and peritoneal varieties.
  1. List the 11 organ systems of the human organism, name the major organs within each, and give a general function for each system.
  1. Demonstrate what is meant by "anatomical position".
  1. Define various directional terms (i.e. superior, inferior, etc.), and compare different body parts using these terms (i.e. the elbow is proximal to the wrist).
  1. List both anterior and posterior anatomical landmarks (i.e. orbital, inguinal, etc.).
  1. Name the three major body sections (planes, cuts), and describe how each would be accomplished.
  1. Describe the nine regions of the abdominal area and the four quadrants of the abdominal area and list the major organs found within each.
  1. Explain and differentiate between the medical and applied science fields.
  1. Understanding Words (p. 1): define, give an example and explain the following terms:

1.1.append-

1.2.cardi-

1.3.cerebr-

1.4.cran-

1.5.dors-

1.6.homeo-

1.7.-logy -

1.8.meta-

1.9.nas-

1.10.orb-

1.11.pariet-

1.12.pelv-

1.13.peri-

1.14.pleur-

1.15.-stasis -

1.16.super-

1.17.-tomy -

  1. Explainanatomy vs. physiology (p. 4):
  1. How does structure relate to function?(p. 4)
  1. Levels of Organization (p. 4-5, Fig 1.3 = graphic). List and describeof the10 levels:

4.1.

4.2.

4.3.

4.4.

4.5.

4.6.

4.7.

4.8.

4.9.

4.10.

*Table 1.2 (p. 8) = organ systems table (familiarize yourself with this table)

  1. Characteristics of Life (p. 6-7, Table 1.3 on p. 8) List and give examples for each of the 10 characteristics of life:

5.1.

5.2.

5.3.

5.4.

5.5.

5.6.

5.7.

5.8.

5.9.

5.10.

  1. Maintenance of Life (p. 7-12)
  2. Requirements of Organisms (p. 8-9, Table 1.4 on p. 9)
  3. List the 5 factors and summarize their uses:
  4. Homeostasis (p. 9-12)
  5. humans consist of roughly 70 trillion cells
  6. internal vs. external environment: Sketch-out Fig 1.5 on p. 10:

6.2.3.extracellular fluid (outside of cells)

6.2.4.three main components (Fig 1.6 = homeostatic mechanism loop). Explain each:

6.2.4.1.receptors –

6.2.4.2.control center –

6.2.4.3.effectors –

6.2.5.negative feedback: SketchFig 1.7(home thermostat)

6.2.6.negative feedback: Sketch Fig 1.8 (body temperature)

6.2.7.Explain each example:

6.2.7.1.furnace/air conditioner (p. 10)

6.2.7.2.body temperature (p. 10)

6.2.7.3.BP maintenance (p. 11)

6.2.7.4.blood glucose (p. 12)

6.2.8.positive feedback (p. 12). Explain each:

6.2.8.1.blood clotting

6.2.8.2.uterine contractions

6.2.9.normal range (p. 12). Explain:

  1. Organization of Human Body (p. 12-21)
  2. Body cavities (p. 12):
  3. SketchFig 1.9a (lateral view):

7.1.2.Sketch Fig 1.9b (anterior view)

7.1.3. Describe the following cavities/terms:

7.1.3.1.axial

7.1.3.2.Appendicular

7.1.3.3.cranial cavity

7.1.3.4.oral cavity

7.1.3.5.nasal cavity

7.1.3.6.orbital cavity

7.1.3.7.middle ear cavity

7.1.3.8.vertebral/spinal canal

7.1.3.9.thoracic cavity

7.1.3.10.abdominal cavity

7.1.3.11.pelvic cavity

7.1.3.12.abdominopelvic cavity

7.1.3.13.viscera (organs)

7.1.3.14.diaphragm

7.1.3.15.mediastinum

7.2.Thoracic and Abdominopelvic Membranes (p. 14, Fig 1.11 = transverse thorax and 1.12 = transverse abdomen). Describe each structure/term

7.2.1.serous membranes

7.2.2.pleural membranes

7.2.3.parietal pleura

7.2.4.visceral pleura

7.2.5.pleural cavity

7.2.6.pericardial membranes

7.2.7.visceral pericardium

7.2.8.parietal pericardium

7.2.9.pericardial cavity

7.2.10.peritoneal membranes

7.2.11.visceral peritoneum

7.2.12.parietal peritoneum

7.2.13.peritoneal cavity

7.3.Organ Systems (p. 15-20, Fig 1.19 on p. 20). List the 11 organ systems, name the major organs in each system and give a general function for each system:

7.3.1.

7.3.2.

7.3.3.

7.3.4.

7.3.5.

7.3.6.

7.3.7.

7.3.8.

7.3.9.

7.3.10.

7.3.11.

  1. Anatomical Terminology (p. 21-25)
  2. Relative position (p. 21). Describe/define each term and give an example of how each would be used in a sentence:
  3. superior -
  4. inferior -
  5. anterior –
  6. posterior –
  7. medial –
  8. lateral –
  9. ipsilateral –
  10. contralateral –
  11. proximal –
  12. distal –
  13. superficial –
  14. peripheral –
  15. deep –
  16. Body Sections (p. 21-22, Fig 1.21 = 3 planes). Describe each of the 3 planes:
  17. sagittal–
  18. transverse –
  19. coronal –

8.3.cylindrical organs: Sketch and label Fig 1.22 on p. 23 (cross section, oblique and longitudinal)

8.4.Body Regions (p. 23-25)

8.4.1.abdominal tic tac toe: SketchFig 1.23a on p. 23:

8.4.2.Explain the following terms/regions:

8.4.2.1.1.epigastric –

8.4.2.1.2.hypochondriac (right and left) –

8.4.2.1.3.umbilical -

8.4.2.1.4.lumbar (right and left) –

8.4.2.1.5.hypogastric –

8.4.2.1.6.iliac/inguinal (right and left) –

8.4.3.Familiarize yourselves with the abdominal quadrants (Fig 1.23b):

8.4.3.1.1.right upper quadrant (RUQ)

8.4.3.1.2.right lower quadrant (RLQ)

8.4.3.1.3.left upper quadrant (LUQ)

8.4.3.1.4.right lower quadrant (LLQ)

8.4.4.full body regions: SketchFig. 1.24a,b on p. 24:

8.5.Define the following body regions:

8.5.1.abdominal

8.5.2.acromial

8.5.3.antebrachial

8.5.4.antecubital

8.5.5.axillary

8.5.6.brachial

8.5.7.buccal

8.5.8.carpal

8.5.9.celiac

8.5.10.cephalic

8.5.11.cervical

8.5.12.costal

8.5.13.coxal

8.5.14.crural

8.5.15.cubital

8.5.16.digital

8.5.17.dorsum

8.5.18.femoral

8.5.19.frontal

8.5.20.genital

8.5.21.gluteal

8.5.22.inguinal

8.5.23.lumbar

8.5.24.mammary

8.5.25.mental

8.5.26.nasal

8.5.27.occipital

8.5.28.oral

8.5.29.orbital

8.5.30.otic

8.5.31.palmar

8.5.32.patellar

8.5.33.pectoral

8.5.34.pedal

8.5.35.pelvic

8.5.36.perineal

8.5.37.plantar

8.5.38.popliteal

8.5.39.sacral

8.5.40.sternal

8.5.41.sural

8.5.42.tarsal

8.5.43.umbilical

8.5.44.vertebral

  1. Medical and Applied Sciences (p. 25). Explain each of the following fields:
  2. cardiology
  3. dermatology
  4. endocrinology
  5. epidemiology
  6. gastroenterology
  7. geriatrics
  8. gerontology
  9. gynecology
  10. hematology
  11. histology
  12. immunology
  13. neonatology
  14. nephrology
  15. neurology
  16. obstetrics
  17. oncology
  18. ophthalomology
  19. orthopedics
  20. otolaryngology
  21. pathology
  22. pediatrics
  23. pharmacology
  24. podiatry
  25. psychiatry
  26. radiology
  27. toxicology
  28. urology

1 chapter intro packet1/18/20111