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Chapter 03 Study Guide: Early Empires in the Ancient Near East, c.2300 B.C.-c.300 B.C.
Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If it is false, change the identified word(s) to make the statement true.1.In establishing his empire, Sargon executed the ruler of every Sumerian city-state he conquered.
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2.Hammurabi established his imperial capital in Babylon.
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______
3.Hammurabi’s Code protected people against false accusations. If someone brought a charge but then failed to prove it, the accuser would be punished.
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______
4.After the fall of the Akkadian empire, only a few decades passed before the Babylonian empire arose.
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______
5.The Code of Hammurabi reveals that in ancient Babylon a marriage was decided upon by the two young people who wanted to wed.
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______
Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
6.The term for a large political unit or state, usually under a single leader, controlling many peoples or territories is
a. / a city-state.
b. / an empire.
c. / the Code of Hammurabi.
d. / a satrapy.
7.Around 2340 B.C., the Sumerian city-states were conquered by the Akkadians under their leader
a. / Sargon.
b. / Hammurabi.
c. / Darius.
d. / Zoroaster.
8.What military strategy did Hammurabi use to conquer lands and create his new Mesopotamian kingdom?
a. / He used the famed Immortals when fighting his fiercest opponents.
b. / He used guerrilla warfare and terrorism to bring his enemies to their knees.
c. / Each time he captured an enemy soldier, he cut off the man’s sword hand.
d. / He armed and trained his soldiers well, then used his armies to divide his opponents and defeat them one at a time.
9.In the patriarchal Mesopotamian society,
a. / a father’s place was in the home.
b. / women often left home to engage in business.
c. / a husband could divorce his wife if she failed in any of her duties.
d. / fathers were notoriously indulgent with their children.
10.The Code of Hammurabi paints a portrait of a society in which
a. / people can do pretty much whatever they want to.
b. / almost anything that can go wrong is addressed by one law or another.
c. / it is easy to avoid being robbed because one can recognize thieves by their missing hands.
d. / the citizens live in fear of being punished.
Enter the appropriate word(s) to complete the statement.
11.The boy pharaoh who restored worship of the old gods in the New Kingdom was named ______.
12.______tried to force the Egyptians to worship a single god, Aten.
13.The pharaoh Ahmose I was able to drive the ______out of Egypt around 1550 B.C. and establish the New Kingdom.
14.When the ______were driven out of Egypt, they returned to their original lands to the south and built a successful trading empire.
15.After the Egyptian Empire fell, it became a part of the empire of ______.
Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
16.Having been conquered by the Hyksos was not all bad for the Egyptians because the Hyksos taught the Egyptians
a. / how to make bronze weapons and showed them the advantages of horse-drawn war chariots.
b. / how to farm the fertile land in the area.
c. / how to build roads to connect the parts of the kingdom.
d. / how to cut large blocks of stone, a skill they would use to build the pyramids.
17.During the New Kingdom, the Egyptian Empire reached its peak. What was one way it showed its power?
a. / The pharaohs sent messengers out to proclaim their achievements throughout the empire.
b. / Egyptian armies made a point of looting and destroying their enemies’ homes and villages.
c. / The pharaohs built a vast library to celebrate their wisdom and intellectual achievements.
d. / The pharaohs constructed huge, magnificent temples and statues in their own honor.
18.Although the pharaoh Ramses II tried to maintain the Egyptian Empire’s strength, he failed because he was unable to hold out against
a. / the Hyksos.
b. / the Sea Peoples.
c. / the Akkadians.
d. / the Assyrians.
19.Why did the kingdom of Kush become such a successful trading empire?
a. / The Kushites were exceptionally talented businesspeople.
b. / It was rich in natural resources, such as iron, and was located where an important route through the desert crossed the Nile.
c. / The kingdom included port cities on the Red Sea, along the trade route between India and the Mediterranean.
d. / Because so much grain was grown in Kush, the kingdom became known as the breadbasket of the ancient world and became wealthy supplying people with food.
20.What is most unusual about the pharaoh Hatshepsut?
a. / Hatshepsut’s official statues portray the pharaoh as having a beard.
b. / Hatshepsut was interested in mining enterprises.
c. / Hatshepsut was a woman.
d. / Hatshepsut built an impressive temple near Thebes.
Matching
a. / Royal Road
b. / Nineveh
c. / Babylon
d. / Darius
e. / Zoroastrianism
21.____ site of one of the world’s first libraries
22.____ Persian route from Lydia to Susa
23.____ site of the Hanging Gardens
24.____ Persian religion
25.____ king who extended the Persian Empire to India
Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
26.The king of the Chaldeans who rebuilt Babylon was
a. / Cyrus.
b. / Nebuchadnezzar II.
c. / Darius.
d. / Ahuramazda.
27.The prophet Zoroaster taught that
a. / the sun god Aten was the supreme god.
b. / the spirits Ahuramazda and Ahriman were allies.
c. / all people would attain paradise at the Last Judgment.
d. / humans had free choice.
28.Cyrus was called “the Great” because he
a. / showed no mercy to enemies.
b. / had no respect for other cultures.
c. / was a large man.
d. / showed wisdom and compassion.
29.One example of the Assyrians’ efficiency and effectiveness as administrators was
a. / their system of carrying messages quickly, which involved a network of staging posts and relays of horses.
b. / the speed with which they decided whether to execute prisoners of war.
c. / their tendency to destroy features such as dams and cut down their enemies’ fruit trees.
d. / their willingness to allow different cultures to coexist peacefully in their empire.
30.Darius’s elite cavalry and infantry forces were known as the Immortals because
a. / they were actually immortal.
b. / they were so skilled that it was difficult to kill them in battle.
c. / whenever a soldier was killed, he was immediately replaced.
d. / they had been guaranteed a place in paradise if they were killed in battle.
Matching
a. / Nubia
b. / Persia
c. / Assyrians
d. / Meroë
e. / Sargon
f. / Amenhotep IV
g. / Sea Peoples
h. / Nebuchadnezzar II
i. / satrap
j. / empire
31.____ invaders who attacked the Egyptian Empire during its final days of power
32.____ a city in Kush
33.____ a people known for using terror as an instrument of warfare
34.____ a large political unit, usually with a single leader, that controls many territories
35.____ the pharaoh who later changed his name to Akhenaten
36.____ the ruler of a province in the Persian empire
37.____ the name of Kush while it was still a part of the Egyptian Empire
38.____ the leader who established the world’s first empire
39.____ the empire ruled by Cyrus the Great
40.____ the Chaldean king who restored Babylon to glory
Multiple Choice
Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
41.The first empire in world history was
a. / the Babylonian empire.
b. / the Sumerian empire.
c. / the Egyptian empire.
d. / the Akkadian empire.
42.The empire that Sargon established was continued by his grandson ____ but fell less than 100 years after his grandson’s death.
a. / Hammurabi.
b. / Naram-Sin.
c. / Cambyses.
d. / Ramses II.
43.Which of the following contributed to the efficient system of communication that was crucial to sustaining the Persian Empire?
a. / the elite foot soldiers and cavalry known as the Immortals.
b. / well-maintained roads and way stations to provide food, shelter, and fresh horses for traveling officials.
c. / trained dogs that carried messages to and from the king over distances as great as 500 miles.
d. / the imposition of a single language throughout the empire.
44.Cyrus the Great showed such wisdom and compassion when he conquered Babylon that
a. / even the rulers of unconquered states offered to join his empire.
b. / his subjects ridiculed him as too weak to rule.
c. / everyone accepted him as ruler.
d. / he was worshipped as a god.
45.The Assyrians had the first large armies who carried weapons made of
a. / iron.
b. / wood.
c. / stone.
d. / bronze.
46.Which leader of the Persian empire expanded it into the largest empire the world had yet seen?
a. / Darius
b. / Nebuchadnezzar II
c. / Cambyses
d. / Cyrus
47.In Hammurabi’s code, punishments generally followed the principle of retaliation, or the idea that one must
a. / give an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth.
b. / pay money to atone for wrongdoing.
c. / add insult to injury.
d. / give one’s firstborn son to one’s victim.
48.Why did the Egyptians resist Akhenaten’s religious reforms?
a. / They wanted Akhenaten to pay them to convert to his religion.
b. / They thought Aten was a false god.
c. / They accepted many gods, and did not like the idea of rejecting or destroying them to worship only one god.
d. / They wanted to worship a single god, but not Aten.
49.While the Hyksos attacked the Egyptians from horse-drawn chariots, the Egyptian soldiers were limited to
a. / throwing stones.
b. / slingshots.
c. / donkey carts.
d. / running away.
50.Hammurabi is remembered for
a. / overthrowing the Akkadian empire.
b. / establishing a collection of laws for Mesopotamian society.
c. / teaching the Mesopotamians to forge iron.
d. / cutting off his son’s hand because his son hit him.
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