ANATOMY LAP
lec#7
21-3-2011
CERVICAL VERTEBRAE (CERVICAL COLUMN)
they are 7 in number :
A-typical (C3-C6)
B-Atypical (C1,C2,C7)
*any vertebra in the body it should consist of :
1-body anterior :it's designed for weight bearing
(the size of the body increase sequentially,ex:body of the thoracic larger than the body of cervical)
2-vertebral arch:it's designed for protection ,and it has many parts:
A) two pedicles ,right and left.
B) two laminae,right and left.
C)transverse process also two in number ,formed by union of pedicle+lamina.
D)spinous process at the posterior,it's formed by union of 2 laminae.
*specific features for typical cervical vertebrae:
1-small body.
2-large triangular foramen.
3-foramen in the transverse process (foramen transversarium)
Which transport vertebral artery.
4-bifid spine
*NOTE:
In the body there is no vertebra has a foramen in the trasveres process except the cervical vertebrae.
*Atypical cervical vertebrae:
1-fisrt vertebra C1:
It is a ring like vertebra with :-
A-anterior arch which has anterior tubercle(tubercle represent part of the body)
B-posterior arch with posterior tubercle(tubercle represent the spine)
C-has a key hole foramen which is a unique one.
D-transverse process:broad+large foramen.
E-large superior articular fossa that articulate with occipital bone (occipital condyle) to form atlanto-occipital joint responsible about nodding.
F-inferior articular fossa that articulate with C2 ( C2 called axis bone) so they form atlanto-axial joint.
2- second vertebra C2 (axis),consist of:
A-body inferior with odontoid process,representing body of atlas to work as pivot joint.
B-broad spinous process.
C-superior articular surface that articulate with inferior articular surface of atlas.
D-large triangular foramen.
3-seventh vertebra C7,,,features:
A-small body.
B-transverse process has a small foramen that transmitting vertebral vein.
C-large triangular foramen.
D-long broad spine process (cervical prominence it's the end of cervical vertebrae,and the margin between cervical and thoracic vertebrae).
*Arterial supply of cerebrum through :
1-anterior cerebral artery(the left and the right one connect with each other,,)
2-middle cerebral artery(left+right conncet)
3-posterior cerebral artery(left+right also connect)
THE VERTEBRAL ARTERY:
Emerge from the fisrt division of subclavian artery to enter trasversarium foramen of C6 to C1 till foramen magnum,the left and the right one form BASILAR artery anterior to pons in the posterior cranial fossa,,then at the superior surface of cerebellum it gives posterior cerebral artery.
**Subclavian A__vertebral artries__basilar A__post. Cerebral artries
*the anterior +middle cerebral atries branch from internal carotid artery,,,
So the brain supply by branches from vertebral artery and from internal carotid artery,,
Hyoid bone:
-miniature copy of mandible with two canine
-U shaped single mobile bone
-has 3 parts:
1)body anterior
2)lesser horn anterior
3)greater horn posterior
MANDIBLE:
-in the middle there is digastrics fossa(origin of anterior pelly digastric)
-in the inner angle there is spines:
Inferior mental spine for geniohyoid muscle and the superior mental spine for genioglossus muscle,
-mylohyoid line.
Note:
The insertion of Ant.+post. Pelly of digastrics Ms is the intermediate tendon (the fascia holded it in its place for hyoid bone).
DONE BY: Raneen abu halimeh