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Cells and Viruses/Bacteria DQ 2013-2014 Name: ______

2/4/2014

1. What is the role of the mitochondrion in cells?

A. It converts sunlight to energy.B. It controls all functions of the cell.

C. It transports water throughout the cell.D. It breaks down sugar to release energy.

Justify---______

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2. Liz is examining a plant cell under a microscope. She sees many small green organelles inside the cell. Her teacher explains that the process of photosynthesis takes place inside these organelles. What organelles are Liz looking at?

A. Golgi apparatusB. chloroplastsC. mitochondriaD. ribosomes

Justify---______

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3. Which characteristic distinguishes a plant cell from an animal cell?

A. cell membrane B. vacuoleC. nucleusD. cell wall

Justify---______

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4. What part of the cell has a similar function to a school security guard, whose job it is to control who enters and leaves the school?

A. nucleusB. Golgi bodyC. mitochondrionD. cell membrane

Justify---______

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5. Which cell structure carries out a function for a cell that is similar to the function that bark carries out for a tree?

A. cell wallB. nucleusC. chloroplastD. mitochondrion

Justify---______

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6. Which of these is a characteristic of body cells that require large amounts of energy?

A They have a large number of mitochondria.

B They have a supplementary Y chromosome.

C They have a two-layer membrane.

D They have a storage area for albumin proteins.

Justify---______

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7. Which of the following organelles use carbon dioxide to produce sugars?

A vacuolesB ribosomesC chloroplastsD mitochondria

Justify---______

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8. Which molecule provides most of the energy used to drive chemical reactions in cells?

A. DNAB. RNAC. ATPD. ADP

Justify---______

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2/5/2014

1. Why are photosynthesis and cellular respiration often considered opposites?

A. Photosynthesis produces twice as many ATP molecules as cellular respiration does.

B Water is released during photosynthesis and consumed during cellular respiration.

C Photosynthesis occurs during the day, and cellular respiration occurs at night.

D Oxygen is produced during photosynthesis and used during cellular respiration.

Justify---______

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2. During photosynthesis in plants, what is the source of the carbon in the sugar molecule (C6H12O6)?

A carbon dioxide in the airB carbon monoxide in the air

C carbon particles in the soilD carbon particles in water

Justify---______

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3. Cell membranes perform all the following functions except —

A making nutrients for cellsB holding cytoplasm within cells

C regulating substances exiting cellsD recognizing other cells

Justify---______

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4. What is the main function of a vacuole?

A. storage of waterB. synthesis of energy C. replication of DNA D. formation of proteins

Justify---______

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5. Research has led scientists to conclude that fevers help the human body fight infection by

elevating body temperatures and causing parts of the immune system to work better.

Which statement does this conclusion best support?

A. Fevers are a disruption of homeostasis.

B. Fevers should immediately be treated with medication.

C. Fevers are a necessary part of maintaining homeostasis.

D. Fevers are rarely caused by bacterial infections.

Justification: ______

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6. All of the following symptoms are likely associated with bacterial infection except —

A. skin rashes or lesionsB. elevated body temperature

C. swollen glands or tissuesD. increased red blood cell count

Justification: ______

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7. Viruses differ from bacteria in that all viruses —

A. must be reproduced in living cellsB. can be destroyed by antibiotics

C. cause insect-borne diseasesD. have rigid cell walls

Justification: ______

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2/6/2014

1. The cell shown in the diagram is found in which type of organism?

A. bacteriumB. moss

C. yeastD. paramecium

Justify---______

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2. Antibiotics are a type of medicine that kills bacteria. Antibiotics can be used to fight bacterial infections. Which of the following diseases could antibiotics be used to treat?

A. yellow feverB. AIDS

C. strep throatD. common cold

Justification: ______

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3. Why is it important to wash and protect cuts and open wounds?

A. to prevent a scab from formingB. to remove dirt only

C. to make it bleed moreD. to remove dirt and prevent infection

Justify---______

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4. Which of the following hurts the body by interfering with its ability to get oxygen?

A. a virus in the eyeB. bacteria that infect lung tissue

C. a fungus that grows on the skinD. parasites in the intestines

Justification: ______

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5. Some infections, particularly those of the mucus membrane, are caused by a type of fungal microorganism. Although this fungus is usually harmless in small amounts, if it is allowed to multiply in the human body, it can become painful and, in rare cases, even lead to death.
What type of microorganism is this?

A. bacterium B. parasiteC. virusD. yeast

Justification: ______

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6. Which of these does a virus need in order to multiply?

A. Chloroplasts from a host cellB. A host cell to provide oxygen for the virus

C. New ADP from a host cellD. A host cell to replicate the virus’s DNA

Justification: ______

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2/7/2014

1. Lactose is a naturally occurring sugar found in milk. Some dairy products, such as yogurt, may contain live bacteria. These products are useful to people who lack the ability to digest lactose. What does this information demonstrate?

A Some bacteria are beneficial to human health.

B Some bacteria interfere with digestion.

C Bacteria can prevent insulin production.

D Bacteria raise the acidity of processed foods.

Justification: ______

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2. The myxoma virus was used to control an overpopulation of European rabbits in Australia. When first introduced in the mid-1900s, the virus greatly reduced the European rabbit population. Today the virus is not an effective control of the European rabbit population. Fewer European rabbits are affected by the virus today because they have —

A. learned to avoid the virusB. moved away from infected areas

C. undergone a change in dietD. developed resistance to the virus

Justification: ______

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3. Which of these events is most likely to cause a widespread influenza outbreak?

A. People in northern regions are affected by weather patterns.

B. The influenza virus is recognized by host immune systems.

C. Global warming causes increased winter precipitation.

D. People lack immunity to a new strain of flu virus.

Justification: ______

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4. Which of these conditions is caused by bacteria?

A. AIDSB. Seasonal allergiesC. Dental cavitiesD. Colds

Justification: ______

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5. Streptococcus infection in a person’s throat can cause pain and fever. Streptococcus can be controlled by antibiotics. Streptococcus is a —

A. virusB. bacteriumC. protozoanD. fungus

Justification: ______

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6. People infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have an increased risk of dying from secondary infections. Which of these best explains how HIV increases the danger of secondary infections?

A HIV produces antigens that damage red blood cells.

B HIV adds genetic material from harmful microbes.

C HIV destroys helper T cells.

D HIV consumes beneficial microbes in the body.

Justification: ______

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