World War I

Causes of World War I- 1914

______- the European powers were going for:

World trade and markets

______- The European nations entered into an “arms race”.

Each built vast armies or navies or both

______- devotion to national interests, national unity, and independence-zealous patriotism

  • The large nations sought to extend their territory, increase their power, and influence the actions of the small nations
  • Racial and ethnic minorities wished to obtain their independence

______-

Europe was divided and entangled by numerous mutual assistance treaties.

Start of World War I

  • June 28, 1914-______(heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary) was visiting one of the provinces captured by AustriaHungary, Bosnia.
  • ______nationalists who wanted Bosnia to be part of Serbia shot the Archduke and his wife while they were traveling by car.

Chain Reaction of Alliances

Allies / Triple Entente / Central Powers

Military developed in WWI

Weapons
Airplane-bombing
Perfected the machine gun
Heavy artillery
______(______)- Torpedo
Tank
Motor transportation (trucks and cars)
Rapid communications
Use of ______ / Tactics
Defensive warfare
______warfare
Development of field of fire
______warfare
War of endurance

Causes of U.S. involvement in World War I

  • U.S. took a position of ______
  • President Wilson urged people to resist war ______coming from both sides
  • For three years, the U.S. did not get involved; secretly they were financing ______in the war.
  • The U.S. sold and shipped military goods to the ______(Britain, France and Russia)
  • The Germans had submarines, called ______that they used to sink British and French merchant ships in the Atlantic.
  • Germans warned all nations that they would attack any ships entering or leaving British ports.
  • President Wilson refused to accept the warning and continued commercial and military transports to Great Britain.
  • May 7,1915, a German submarine torpedoed and ______as it steamed off the coast of Ireland
  • Germany did not want to risk war with the United States
  • Germany agreed not to attack passenger ships in the Atlantic
  • In 1917, Germany resumed sinking merchant and commercial ships in the Atlantic, called______.
  • The ______Telegram
  • ______foreign secretary, Zimmerman, sent a message to Mexican Government.
  • Asked Mexico to attack the______.Germany will give Mexico all lands acquired by the U.S. from Mexico in the ______.

“Make the world safe for Democracy”

  • President Wilson had won the presidential election on the motto, “______”
  • April 6, 1917, Wilson asks ______for a declaration of war.
  • The Russian revolution in 1917, removed Russia from the war on the ______front.
  • The war was then shifted entirely to the ______front
  • Germany was forced to negotiate an armistice (truce) on ______(now known as Veteran's Day)

Domestic Impact of WWI

  • ______- movement of approximately seven million African Americans out of the ______United States to the North, Midwest and West from 1916 to 1970.
  • Left the south to escape ______, to seek ______opportunities in industrial cities, to get better ______for their children, and to pursue what was widely perceived to be a ______.
  • ______-was federal law passed shortly after entering World War I, on June 15, 1917, which made it a crime for a person to ______with intent to interfere with the operation or success of the ______of the United States or to promote the success of its enemies. It was punishable by a maximum of $10,000 fine (almost $170,000 in today's dollars) and ______years in prison. It was passed at the urging of President Woodrow Wilson, who feared any widespread ______in time of war, thinking that it constituted a real threat to an American victory.
  • ______- was an American union leader, one of the founders of the International Labor Union and the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), as well as five-time ______of America candidate for President of the United States in 1904, 1908, 1912, and 1920, the final time from ______.
  • He opposed America's entrance into World War I and denounced the ______designed to silence all ______sentiment. In 1918, he received a ______-year prison sentence for his public opposition to the war.

Consequences of World War I

Treaty of ______(1919)- agreement that finally ended the war

Germanywas forced to pay “______” (payments to the victorious parties for the damage they incurred in the war.)

Wilson’s ______- Woodrow Wilson’s principles that would prevent another World War from happening.

Congress would not allow the U.S. to join the ______, the U.S. settled back into a period of ______.

Wilson’s ______s

  1. An end to secret treaties and alliances (open covenants, openly arrived at)
  2. Freedom of navigation on the high seas in peace and in war
  3. Removal of economic trade barriers among nations
  4. Reduction of national armaments to the lowest point consistent with domestic safety
  5. Colonial arrangements respecting the will of the people’s involved

6-13. Self determination for ethnic groups to establish their own governments, f ree from foreign rule

14. Establishment of League of Nations offering “ mutual guarantees ofpolitical independence and territorial integrity to great and small states alike”

Many countries around the world joined the League of Nations to try to achieve world peace (similar to the ______of today)

The U.S. preferred not to join the League of Nations because it did not want to be dragged into another war. After WWI, the U.S. wanted to be ______instead of ______.

Post WWI

•Rise of Communism in Europe and Socialism in the United States led directly to the ______in the United States

•______-A nationwide ______of communists, socialists, anarchists, and other dissidents suddenly grabbed the American psyche in 1919 following a series of anarchist ______. The nation was gripped in fear.______people were jailed for expressing their ______, civil liberties were ignored, and many Americans feared that a Bolshevik-style revolution was at hand. Then, in the early 1920s, the fear seemed to dissipate just as quickly as it had begun, and the Red Scare was over.

•Sacco and Vanzetti -were two ______American laborers and anarchists, who were tried, convicted and executed via electrocution on August 23, 1927 in Massachusetts for the 1920 armed robbery and murder of two pay-clerks.

•Many believed that these two men were ______of the charges and only found guilty because of their ______and ______.

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