AP Chemistry

Chapter 14 notes

Concepts / Details
The Nature of Acids and Bases / A.  Arrhenius Model
B.  Bronsted – Lowry Model
C.  Conjugate Acid Base Pairs

D. Acid Dissociation Constant
Write the simple dissociation reaction (omitting water) for each of the following acids.
·  Hydrochloric acid
·  Acetic acid
·  The ammonium ion
·  C6H5NH3+
Acid Strength / A. Strong Acids
B. Weak Acids
C. Acid Terminology
D. Water as an Acid and a Base

Using table 14.2, arrange the following species according to their strength as bases: H2O, F, Cl, NO2-, CN
The pH Scale / A. pH and pOH

B. Solving Acid and Base Problems
Calculating pH of Strong Acid Solutions / A. What are the components of the solution?
B. Focus on the major species

Calculating [H+] and [OH-] ( use Kw = [H+][OH-] )

Calculate the [H+] or [OH-] as required for each of the following solutions at 25°C, and state whether the solution is neutral, acidic or basic.
·  1.0 x 10-3 M OH-
·  1.0 x 10-7 M OH-
·  10 M H+

Calculating [H+] and [OH-]

Calculate pH and pOH for each of the following solutions at 25°C.
·  1.0 x 10-3 M OH-
·  1.0 M OH-
Calculating pH of weak acid
Solutions / A. Steps
B. The pH of a mixture of Weak Acids
C. Percent Dissociation
The pH of weak acids
Calculate the pH of a 0.100 M aqueous solution of hypochlorous acid.
Calculating percent dissociation
Calculate the percent dissociation of acetic acid (Ka=1.8 x 10 –5) in the following solutions
·  1.00 M HC2H3O2
·  0.100 M HC2H3O2
Bases
/ A. Strong Bases
B. Weak Bases
C. Calculating the pH of Strong Bases
D. Calculation of pOH

Calculating the pH of strong bases

Calculate the pH of a 5.0 x 10-2 M NaOH solution.
Calculating the pH of weak bases
Calculate the pH for a 15.0 M solution of NH3 (Kb = 1.8 x 10–5)
Acid Base Properties of Salts / A. Salts that produce neutral solutions
B. Salts that produce basic solutions
C. Salts that produce acidic solutions
D. Salts with Acidic and Basic Ions
Calculate the pH of a 0.30 M NaF solution. The Ka value for the HF is 7.2 x 10–4.

The Acid- Base Properties of Salts

Predict whether an aqueous solution of each of the following salts will be acidic, basic or neutral.
·  NaC2H3O2
·  NH4NO3
The Effect of Structure on Acid – Base Properties / A. Factors Determining Acid Characteristics of Molecules with X-H Bonds
B. Molecules of Form H-O-X

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