By the End of This Session, the Participants Will Be Able to Do the Following

DAY TWO

Day 2/Overview

Partnership and Resource Mobilization for Farmer, Research and Radio Linkages
DAY TWO — Overview

Objectives

By the end of this session, the participants will be able to do the following:

1. Demonstrate the ability to communicate with farmers and with the wider public.
2. Explain the importance of listening skills in communication.
3. Develop ways to express ideas in a clear and concise manner using radio drama.
4. List the four kinds of resources needed in every organization.
5. Identify the sources of funding for rural radio and agricultural organization.
6. Discuss the key elements that make up a project.
7. Identify good project principles and skills.
8. Analyze what a NARS management can do to support the development of good projects.

Handouts

2.4.1 Overview of Day Two

2.4.2 Schedule of Day Two

2.4.3 Summary of Overheads

2.4.4 Responding to Farmer Needs (summary of presentation)

2.4.5 Exercise 4. Farm Radio Drama

2.4.6 Key Steps in Rural Radio Program Development (text)

2.4.7 Exercise 4. Story 1 – Group A

2.4.8 Exercise 4. Story 2 – Group B

2.4.9 Exercise 4. Story 3 – Group C

2.4.10 Exercise 4. Story 3 – Group D

2.4.11 Publications of Developing Countries Farm Radio Network (text)

2.4.12 Publications of Developing Countries Farm Radio Network (text)

2.4.13 Publications of Developing Countries Farm Radio Network (text)

2.4.14 Publications of Developing Countries Farm Radio Network (text)

2.5.1 Summary of Overheads

2.5.2 Mobilizing New and Existing Resources (summary of presentation)

2.5.3 Exercise 5. What are Donors?

2.5.4 Exercise 5. Worksheet

2.5.5 All About Donors and Partnerships (additional reading material)

2.6.1 Summary of Overheads

2.6.2 All About Projects (summary of presentation)

2.6.3 Exercise 6. Reflecting on Good Project Principles and Setting the Goal and the Objectives

2.6.4 Exercise 6. Worksheet

2.7.1 Summary of Overheads

2.7.2 Writing to Inform, Writing to Persuade (summary of presentation)

2.7.3 Exercise 7. Writing to Persuade, Writing to Inform

2.7.4 Exercise 7. Worksheet

2.7.5 Exercise 7. Worksheet

2.7.6 Exercise 7. Worksheet

2.7.7 Exercise 7. Worksheet

2.7.8 Exercise 7. Worksheet

2.7.9 Exercise 7. Worksheet

2.7.10 Possible Answers to Exercise 7

2.7.11 Strengths and Weaknesses of Day Two

2.7.12 TAP—First Stage

1

Partnership and Resource Mobilization for Farmer, Research and Radio Linkages

Day 2/Overview

Partnership and Resource Mobilization for Farmer, Research and Radio Linkages
DAY TWO — Tentative Schedule

08:30 – 09:00 Opening of the Day’s Activities

09:00 – 10:30Session 4. Responding to Farmer Needs
(Presentation and exercise 4)

10:30 – 10:45Tea/Coffee Break

10:45 – 12:00Exercise 4. (Continue)

12:00 – 13:00Session 5. Mobilizing New and Existing Resources
(Presentation and exercise 5)

13:00 – 14:00 Lunch

14:00 – 14:30Session 5. (Continued)
(Exercise 5.)

14:30 – 15:30 Session 6. All About Projects
(Presentation and exercise 6)

15:30 – 15:45Tea/Coffee Break

15:45 – 16:15Session 6. (Continued)

16:15 – 17:45Session 7. Writing to Inform; Writing to Persuade
(Presentation and exercise 8)

17:45 – 18:00Feedback on the Day’s Activities and TAP

19:30 Dinner Speaker

1

Partnership and Resource Mobilization for Farmer, Research and Radio Linkages

Day 2/Overview

Partnership and Resource Mobilization for Farmer, Research and Radio Linkages
DAY TWO — Checklist for Trainers

HandoutsYesNo


2.4.1 Overview of Day Two

2.4.2 Schedule of Day Two

2.4.3 Summary of Overheads

2.4.4 Responding to Farmer Needs (summary of presentation)

2.4.5 Exercise 4. Farm Radio Drama

2.4.6 Key Steps in Rural Radio Program Development (text)

2.4.7 Exercise 4. Story 1 – Group A

2.4.8 Exercise 4. Story 2 – Group B

2.4.9 Exercise 4. Story 3 – Group C

2.4.10 Exercise 4. Story 4 – Group D

2.4.11 Publications of Developing Countries Farm Radio Network (text)

2.4.12 Publications of Developing Countries Farm Radio Network (text)

2.4.13 Publications of Developing Countries Farm Radio Network (text)

2.4.14 Publications of Developing Countries Farm Radio Network (text)

2.5.1 Summary of Overheads

2.5.2 Mobilizing New and Existing Resources (summary of presentation)

2.5.3 Exercise 5. What are Donors?

2.5.4 Exercise 5. Worksheet

2.5.5 All About Donors and Partnerships (additional reading material)

2.6.1 Summary of Overheads

2.6.2 All About Projects (text)

2.6.3 Exercise 6. Reflecting on Good Project Principles and Setting the
Goal and the Objectives 

2.6.4 Exercise 6. Worksheet

2.7.1 Summary of Overheads

2.7.2 Writing to Inform, Writing to Persuade (summary of presentation)

2.7.3 Exercise 7. Writing to Persuade, Writing to Inform

2.7.4 Exercise 7. Worksheet

2.7.5 Exercise 7. Worksheet

2.7.6 Exercise 7. Worksheet

2.7.7 Exercise 7. Worksheet

2.7.8 Exercise 7. Worksheet

2.7.9 Exercise 7. Worksheet

2.7.10 Possible Answers to Exercise 7

2.7.11 Strengths and Weaknesses of Day Two

2.7.12 TAP—First Stage

YesNo
Overheads 

2.4.1 Objectives of Day Two

2.4.2 Objectives of Day Two (Continued)

2.4.3 Schedule of Day Two

2.4.4 Objectives of Session 4

2.4.5 Good Communication

2.4.6 Better Communication

2.4.7 Communicating and Listening

2.4.8 Listening Techniques

2.4.9 Open-ended Questions to Stimulate Farmers’ Ideas

2.4.10 Probing Techniques

2.4.11 Body Language and Non-verbal Communication

2.4.12 General Tips for Communicating Agricultural Messages

2.5.1 Objectives of Session 5

2.5.2 Resources for Research and Radio Linkages

2.5.3 Sources of Funding for Rural Radio and Agricultural Research

2.5.4 Community Radio Funding

2.5.5 Public/Government Radio Funding

2.5.6 Why Does Agricultural Research Seek Donor Funding

2.5.7 International Funding Sources

2.5.8 Specific Current Donor Priorities

2.5.9 Development Donors

2.5.10 Rural Radio Funding

2.5.11 Other Fundraising Techniques/Adverts

2.6.1 Objectives of Session 6

2.6.2 Program

2.6.3 Program

2.6.4 Programs and Projects

2.6.5 A Program Consists of Many Projects

2.6.6 Definition: Project

2.6.7 Inputs in a NARS Research Project Include:

2.6.8 Project Duration

2.6.9 Metaphor

2.6.10 Types of Projects

2.6.11 Strategic and Applied Research

2.6.12 Question 1

2.6.13 Answer

2.6.14 --- If You Write a Proposal---

2.6.15 Simple and Complex Projects

2.6.16 Question 2

2.6.17 Answer

2.6.18 Small and Large Projects

2.6.19 Question 3

2.6.20 Answer

2.6.21 Defining Key Project Elements: Goal

2.6.22 Defining Key Project Elements: Objectives

2.6.23 Relation of Objectives to Outputs

2.6.24 Relation of Goal to Impact

2.6.25 Remember

2.7.1 Objectives of Session 7

2.7.2 Writing to InformWriting to Persuade

2.7.3 The Most Important Thing About Writing to Persuade

2.7.4 Donors are the Readers of Your Proposals

2.7.5 The Second-most Important Thing About Writing to Persuade

2.7.6 Tips on Writing with Passion

2.7.7 Identifying Active and Passive Sentences: An Active Sentence

2.7.8 Identifying Active and Passive Sentences: A Passive Sentence

2.7.9 Exercise 7. 1.

2.7.10 Exercise 7. 2.

2.7.11 Exercise 7. 3.

2.7.12 Exercise 7. 4.

2.7.13 Exercise 7. 5.

2.7.14 Exercise 7. 6.

1

Partnership and Resource Mobilization for Farmer, Research and Radio Linkages

Day 2/Session 4

Instructions to Trainers

• Assess the progress of the workshop.
• List the objectives and describe the agenda for the day’s activities.

• Demonstrate the ability to communicate with farmers and with the wider public.
• Explain the importance of listening skills in communication.
• Develop ways to express ideas in a clear and concise manner using radio drama.

1. (experience) Distribute handout 2.4.5. Go over the instructions with the participants step by step. Ask if any clarification is needed. Emphasize and remind the participants about the time. (5 minutes)

1. Divide the participants into four groups. The groups will carry role playing as follows:

• Group A, composed of researchers, will work on Story 1. They will play the roles of Mama Raju—a farmer, and of her 10-year old son, Josh. Mama Raju wants to test if her son has learned something about harvesting rice from working with her in the field.
• Group B, composed of researchers, will work on Story 2. They will play the role of two researchers, Arlequin and Rosana, who interview Mrs. Salina, a reluctant farmer who thinks the researchers are trying to sell her something.
• Group C, composed of broadcasters, will work on Story 3. They will play the role of Dr. Compost, an agricultural specialist who is a host in a radio talk show.
• Group D, composed of other actors, will work on Story 4. They will play the role of farmers, Mr. Chui and Mr. Kazi, two farmers who have been sharing experiences for a long time. In Mr. Chui’s and Mr. Kazi’s opinion, scientists think they have more knowledge in farming, and disregard their (farmers’) views. A third actor, Dr. Ndege, is a farmer’s son who tells his surprised father that scientists can learn much from farmers.

1. (experience) Distribute the four different stories to the respective groups (handouts (2.5.7 through 2.5.10). Also distribute the key steps in rural radio program development (handout 2.5.6), which presents a guideline on how to write a radio script.
2. (experience, process) Each group reads and discusses the story assigned to them, and then develops, writes, and rehearses a brief radio drama that has a positive message about listening to farmers’ needs.
3. Explain to the participants that they have to develop creative scripts and remind them to use the following radio drama principles in their presentation:
4. Set a clear objective for your drama (write it down)
5. Focus on a specific target audience
6. Make the drama interesting and as real as possible
7. Communicate the message of the drama clearly

1. (process) Each group has 10 minutes to give its presentation. (40 minutes)
2. (process, generalization) At the end of all presentations, facilitate a discussion on the presentations with the audience, focusing on analyzing what could have gone wrong if the farmers’ needs have not been considered. (15 minutes)
3. Distribute handouts 2.4.11 through 2.14.14, which contain published radio scripts of the four stories, and invite the participants to read the scripts in their own time.
4. (generalization) Summarize the important issues of the exercise and welcome feedback from the participants. (10 minutes)
5. (generalization) Provide feedback on the effectiveness of the exercise and close the session.
   

1. (application) Ask the participants, “What might you do differently in your job or team as a result of what you have learned?” Ask volunteers to give examples.
2. Make a transition to the next session.

1

Partnership and Resource Mobilization for Farmer, Research and Radio Linkages

Day 2/Session 4/Handout 1

(2.4.1)

Handout — Overview of Day Two
Partnership and Resource Mobilization for Farmer, Research and Radio Linkages

Objectives

By the end of this session, the participants will be able to do the following:

1. Demonstrate the ability to communicate with farmers and with the wider public.
2. Explain the importance of listening skills in communication.
3. Develop ways to express ideas in a clear and concise manner using radio drama.
4. List the four kinds of resources needed in every organization.
5. Identify the sources of funding for rural radio and agricultural organization.
6. Discuss the key elements that make up a project.
7. Identify good project principles and skills.
8. Analyze what a NARS management can do to support the development of good projects.

Handouts

2.4.1 Overview of Day Two

2.4.2 Schedule of Day Two

2.4.3 Summary of Overheads

2.4.4 Responding to Farmer Needs (summary of presentation)

2.4.5 Exercise 4. Farm Radio Drama?

2.4.6 Key Steps in Rural Radio Program Development (text)

2.4.7 Exercise 4. Story 1 – Group A

2.4.8 Exercise 4. Story 2 – Group B

2.4.9 Exercise 4. Story 3 – Group C

2.4.10 Exercise 4. Story 3 – Group D

2.4.11 Publications of Developing Countries Farm Radio Network (text)

2.4.12 Publications of Developing Countries Farm Radio Network (text)

2.4.13 Publications of Developing Countries Farm Radio Network (text)

2.4.14 Publications of Developing Countries Farm Radio Network (text)

2.5.1 Summary of Overheads

2.5.2 Mobilizing New and Existing Resources (summary of presentation)

2.5.3 Exercise 5. What are Donors?

2.5.4 Exercise 5. Worksheet

2.5.5 All About Donors and Partnerships (additional reading material)

2.6.1 Summary of Overheads

2.6.2 All About Projects (summary of presentation)

2.6.3 Exercise 6. Reflecting on Good Project Principles and Setting the Goal and the Objectives

2.6.4 Exercise 6.Worksheet

2.7.1 Summary of Overheads

2.7.2 Writing to Inform, Writing to Persuade (summary of presentation)

2.7.3 Exercise 7. Writing to Persuade, Writing to Inform

2.7.4 Exercise 7. Worksheet

2.7.5 Exercise 7. Worksheet

2.7.6 Exercise 7. Worksheet

2.7.7 Exercise 7. Worksheet

2.7.8 Exercise 7. Worksheet

2.7.9 Exercise 7. Worksheet

2.7.10 Possible Answers to Exercise 7

2.7.11 Strengths and Weaknesses of Day Two

2.7.11 TAP—First Stage

1

Partnership and Resource Mobilization for Farmer, Research and Radio Linkages

Day 2/Session 4/Handout 2

(2.4.2)

Handout —Tentative Schedule of Day Two
Partnership and Resource Mobilization for Farmer, Research and Radio Linkages

08:30 – 09:00 Opening of the Day’s Activities

09:00 – 10:30Session 4. Responding to Farmer Needs
(Presentation and exercise 4)

10:30 – 10:45Tea/Coffee Break

10:45 – 12:00Exercise 4. (Continue)

12:00 – 13:00Session 5. Mobilizing New and Existing Resources
(Presentation and exercise 5)

13:00 – 14:00 Lunch

14:00 – 14:30Session 5. (Continued)
(Exercise 5.)

14:30 – 15:30 Session 6. All About Projects
(Presentation and exercise 6)

15:30 – 15:45Tea/Coffee Break

15:45 – 16:15Session 6. (Continued)

16:15 – 17:45Session 7. Writing to Inform; Writing to Persuade
(Presentation and exercise 8)

17:45 – 18:00Feedback on the Day’s Activities and TAP

19:30Dinner Speaker

1

Partnership and Resource Mobilization for Farmer, Research and Radio Linkages

Day 2/Session 4/Handout 3

(2.4.3)

2.4.1

2.4.2

2.4.3

2.4.4

2.4.5

2.4.6

2.4.7

2.4.8

2.4.9

2.4.10

2.4.11

2.4.12

1

Partnership and Resource Mobilization for Farmer, Research and Radio Linkages

Day 2/Session 4/Handout 4

(2.4.4)

Responding to Farmer Needs[1](summary of presentation)

Good Communication

Here are some important points about the importance of communication.

• Responding to Farmer Needs = Listening and Communicating with Farmers

• Communication is the only activity that all human beings share.

• You can learn better communication skills but you can never use them enough.

Better Communication

1. Know your audience: sometimes those of us who spent too much time in school are accused of having little or no appreciation for the “real world” of life in rural areas. Unfortunately, it is very easy to lose touch with the language and concerns of the rural society. Sometimes the accusation is correct because some of us who work in agricultural research have moved out of rural communities. Can we lose how to speak “the rural way”? Let me give the following example: in agriculture, as in all sciences, measurements are always being made. Typically we use the Metric or Imperial system. These are useful and universally accepted systems, but they are also effective tools for alienating farmers. Farmers might refer to a “can” of groundnuts. Scientists know that this is about 2 kilos of groundnuts. Even the farmer’s “acre” may not be accurate, according to the scientist. Unfortunately, it means that research results have to be converted into or from farmers own way of measurement to kilograms or hectares. We sometimes don’t appreciate how much we alienate people by refusing to use their language. And if we don’t use their language, our message is abundantly clear—we are somehow different from them, and we know better than they do. We do not tend to listen to those who do not listen to us.

2. Don’t dismiss farmer concerns as being “uneducated” and somehow less valid. Do scientists have all the answers? Absolutely not—but sometimes they give the impression that they do. It is really important not to dismiss peoples’ concerns.

3. Communicating research to the community level is a matter not only of public interest but of self-interest. There is no public funding without convincing representations of the worth of our research beyond our own immediate community.

4. All researchers (and not only the top managers) need to discuss with the wider public, the community. Rural radio broadcasters can help with talking to the public.

5. We need to value communications in and as research. It is said that research is not a discrete product to be communicated but a social activity to be undertaken. It is a process of innovation to be negotiated among disciplinary, interdisciplinary, internal and external communities as we take collective ownership of our questions and solutions.

6. We need to expand our sense of the farming community. It involves farmers, but also shop owners, local leaders, teachers and students and many others. We need to consider who we want/need to target—and what their needs and interests are. We need to be attentive to the diversity of needs among farmers, including gender differences. We need to give farmers and others in rural areas reasons to choose to listen to us.

7. We need to use existing resources more effectively and generate new resources to ensure positive stories in the media. Some organizations have funds available for dissemination that are used to publish a book or report that no one will ever read. Working together can identify and share existing resources, and new ideas generate new opportunities and resources.

Communicating and Listening

Communication is the responsibility of both the speaker and the listener. The speaker must actively seek to express the ideas in a clear and concise manner - the listener must actively seek to understand what has been said and to ask for clarification if unsure.

Both parties must be sure that the ideas have been correctly communicated perhaps by the listener summarizing what was said in a different way. There are some techniques to improve your attentive listening including, open-ended questions, probing answers, and positive body language and non-verbal communication