Bryophytes and Ferns

September 16, 2008

Vocabulary

Bryophytes Hepatophyta Anthocerophyta Bryophyta mosses Liverworts

Hornworts Gametophore Protonema Rhizoids Archegonium

Antheridium Sporangium Fronds Sporophylls Sorus Megaspores

Microspores Lycophyta Pterophyta

1.  Which of the following characteristics do mosses, liverworts, and hornworts share?

a. reproduction in gametangia; embryos

b. vascular tissues, true leaves, and a waxy cuticle

c. seeds

2.  Which of the following is diploid?

a. the archegonia of a moss

b. a cell in the gametangia of a moss

c. a cell that is part of the stalk of a moss sporophyte

d. a spore produced by a sporophyte

3.  In moss, _____ produce sperm.

a. sporangia

b. antheridia

c. embryos

d. archegonia

4.  Fertilization in moss occurs when sperm swim from a(n) _____ to a(n) _____.

a. antheridium ... sporangium

b. sporangium ... antheridium

c. antheridium ... archegonium

d. archegonium ... antheridium

e. sporangium ... archegonium

5.  The gametophyte generation of a moss _____.

a. produces spores

b. is dependent on the sporophyte

c. is haploid

d. is rarely encountered, compared with the sporophyte

6.  The sperm produced by mosses require _____ to reach an archegonium.

a. wind

b. light

c. moisture

d. the development of a flower

e. animals

7.  In the moss life cycle _____ cells within a sporangium undergo _____ to produce _____ spores.

a. diploid ... meiosis ... haploid

b. haploid ... mitosis ... haploid

c. diploid ... mitosis ... diploid

d. diploid ... mitosis ... haploid

e. haploid ... meiosis ... haploid

8.  Plants undergo alternation of generations in which _____.

a. the sporophyte generation alternates with the gametophyte generation

b. the vascular generation alternates with the nonvascular generation

c. male plants alternate with female plants

d. antheridia alternate with archegonia

e. all of these occur

9.  In mosses, haploid spores grow into ______.

a. buds

b. sporophyte

c. protenemata

d. gametophytes

10.  Mosses are limited mostly to moist environments because _____.

a. their pollen is carried by water

b. they lack vascular tissue

c. they have swimming sperm

d. their seeds do not store water

e. they desiccate easily

11.  In bryophytes, ______

a.  the sporophytes are larger and live longer than gametophytes.

b.  The gametophytes are larger and live longer than sporophytes.

c.  The sporophytes ate dependent on gametophytes.

d.  The gametophytes are dependent on sporophyte.

e.  Both a and c.

f.  Both a and d

g.  Both b and c

h.  Both b and d

12.  The conspicuous part of a fern plant is a _____.

  1. haploid gametophyte
  2. diploid gametophyte
  3. diploid sorus
  4. diploid sporophyte
  5. haploid sporophyte

13.  In the life cycle of a fern, the multicellular male gametangium (the sex organ that produces sperm cells) is called a(n) _____.

  1. antheridium
  2. archegonium
  3. frond
  4. sporangium

13. Fern gametophytes are _____.

  1. photosynthetic diploid organisms
  2. produced from haploid gametes
  3. part of the asexual life cycle
  4. free-living, multicellular organisms
  5. found on the underside of fern leaves (fronds)

14. Which of the following is not common to all phyla of vascular plants?

  1. the development of seeds
  2. alternation of generations
  3. dominance of the diploid (sporophyte) generation
  4. xylem and phloem

e. sporophyte that is independent of the gametophyte

15. Which of the following is a land plant that produces flagellated sperm and has a sporophyte-dominant life cycle?

  1. fern
  2. moss
  3. liverwort
  4. charophycean
  5. hornwort

16. The "dots" on the underside of a fern frond are spore cases; therefore, what is true of the plant to which the frond belongs?

  1. It is a spore.
  2. It is a gamete.
  3. It is a sporophyte.
  4. It is a gametophyte.
  5. It is a spermatophyte.

17. To examine meiosis in ferns, you would study _____.

  1. the antheridia
  2. the archegonia
  3. the sporangia
  4. both the antheridia and the archegonia
  5. both the archegonia and the sporangia

18. Microsporangia produce microspores, which produce _____ that produce _____.

  1. Female gametophyte, eggs
  2. Female gametophyte, sperm
  3. Male gametophyte, eggs
  4. Male gametophyte, sperm

19. Asexual reproduction takes place by gemmae, a type of fragmentation in gemmae cups in

a. Anthocerophyta b. Hepatophyta

c. Bryophyta d. Fern

20. Fill in the following table to compare bryophytes to ferns (and related groups).

Bryophytes / Ferns
Clades included
Dominant stage
Relative gametophyte size
Vascular tissue?
Seeds?
Branched sporophytes?
Is a life stage dependent?
Needs moisture? Why?

21. All of the following are features of living vascular plants except

A. Life cycle with dominant sporophyte

B. Vascular tissues (xylem & phloem) that transport water and food

C. Presence of roots and leaves

D. Gametophyte dependent on sporophyte

E. All of the above are true

22. Lycophyta produces spores in a cone-like ______, and pterophyta produces spore in sporangia found in clusters called ______.

21. Fill in the blank spaces.

Life Cycle of Moss

Life Cycle of Fern