Body Organization

Body Organization

1. Which of the following is a type of muscle tissue?

1. Smooth
2. Squamous
3. Osseous
4. Carotid

1. An excess of tissue fluid results in edema. Not enough tissue fluid causes:

1. Fibrillation.
2. Dehydration.
3. Irritability.
4. Swelling.

1. Where would you find epithelial tissue?

1. Inside long bones
2. Inside the brain
3. Lining the inside of the nose
4. In the walls of the large intestine

1. What type of tissue transmits messages from the head to the toes?

1. Connective
2. Epithelial
3. Nerve
4. Muscle

1. What type of tissue is classified as hard or soft?

1. Epithelial
2. Muscle
3. Nervous
4. Connective

1. What is the primary function of muscle tissue?

1. To produce movement
2. To control and coordinate body activities
3. Transportation
4. To produce body secretions

1. Blood is classified as what type of tissue?

1. Epithelial
2. Connective
3. Nerve
4. Muscle

1. Of the following, which is the MOST complex?

1. Nucleus
2. Muscle tissue
3. Nerve cell
4. Kidney

1. Which organ or structure does NOT belong with the other three?

1. Stomach
2. Heart
3. Liver
4. Mouth

1. What is the MOST BASIC building block of the human organism?

1. Atom
2. Cell
3. Protein
4. Water

Planes, Directions, Quadrants and Cavities

1. If the body were cut in a transverse plane, what organ would NOT be in the same half as the other three?

1. Brain
2. Bladder
3. Lungs
4. Heart

1. What body part is inferior to the chest?

1. Head
2. Neck
3. Heart
4. Hips

1. In veterinary medicine, what structure would be found in the caudal region of a dog?

1. Ears
2. Tail
3. Mouth
4. Paws

1. If you divided the body with a midsagittal plane and added up the number of eyes, arms and toes on one side, how many would you have?

1. 5
2. 7
3. 9
4. 12

1. What structures are located anterior to the cranial cavity?

1. Eyes
2. Ears
3. Lungs
4. Neck muscles

1. An autopsy photo shows the dorsal side of the victim. What could you see in the photograph?

1. Back of the head
2. Kidneys
3. Knees
4. Front of the abdomen

1. What body cavity contains the brain and spinal cord?

1. Cranial
2. Spinal
3. Dorsal
4. Ventral

1. Of the following, what structures are the MOST medial?

1. Ears
2. Hips
3. Eyes
4. Lips

1. What body parts are distal to the hand?

1. Fingers
2. Eyes
3. Ribs
4. Lungs

1. If a physician writes that the patient has RUQ pain, what might be causing it?

1. Head injury
2. Arthritis in the hip
3. Cracked rib
4. Dislocated shoulder

1. What structure is proximal to the thigh?

1. Ankle
2. Calf
3. Knee
4. Foot

1. What cavity would a surgeon enter to repair a heart defect?

1. Dorsal
2. Thoracic
3. Abdominal
4. Pelvic

1. George has a cramp in the posterior part of his leg. Where is the cramp?

1. Ankle
2. Knee
3. Shin
4. Calf

1. If you are standing straight with your hands at your sides, where are your arms located in relation to your body?

1. Superior
2. Caudal
3. Lateral
4. Ventral

1. If a physician performs a pelvic exam, what organs can be evaluated?

1. Respiratory
2. Reproductive
3. Esophagus and stomach
4. Liver and gallbladder

1. An x-ray is labeled as a ventral view of the chest. This means the x-ray was taken from the:

1. Front of the patient.
2. Back of the patient.
3. Left side of the patient.
4. Right side of the patient.

1. In order to see both eyes, you would need to be looking at the:

1. Caudal side of the frontal plane.
2. Anterior side of the frontal plane.
3. Inferior side of the transverse plane.
4. Inferior side of a medial plane.

1. What does the abbreviation RLQ represent?

1. Right lumbar quadrant
2. Radial lateral quadrant
3. Right lower quadrant
4. Radial lumbar quadrant

The next two questions refer to the diagram on the right.

1. Where is the right lower quadrant?

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

1. What quadrant is represented by the letter D?

1. RLQ
2. RUQ
3. LUQ
4. LLQ

Circulatory System

1. The heart is best described as a:

1. Muscular pump.
2. Storage chamber.
3. Message center.
4. Filtration unit.

1. The heart is about the size of a/an:

1. Egg.
2. Apple.
3. Peanut.
4. Pumpkin.

1. What would happen if a small hole developed in the septum?

1. The heart would stop pumping.
2. Blood would move between the right and left sides of the heart.
3. The blood from the pulmonary artery would enter the aorta.
4. Blood would not flow into the coronary arteries.

1. When blood leaves the left atrium, where does it go next?

1. Aorta
2. Left ventricle
3. Right atrium
4. Pulmonary artery

1. After blood leaves the right atrium, what valve prevents back flow?

1. Tricuspid
2. Mitral
3. Pulmonary
4. Aortic

1. What follows diastole?

1. Phagocytosis
2. Fibrillation
3. Hyperbole
4. Systole

1. Where does an electrical impulse go after it leaves the Bundle of His?

1. SA node
2. Aorta
3. AV node
4. Purkinje fibers

1. What type of blood vessel is the MOST muscular and elastic?

1. Artery
2. Vein
3. Venule
4. Capillary

1. In what type of blood vessel does oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange take place?

1. Artery
2. Arteriole
3. Capillary
4. Vein

1. If a person becomes dehydrated, what would there be less of in the blood?

1. Erythrocytes
2. Platelets
3. Leukocytes
4. Plasma

1. If a person does not have enough erythrocytes, he/she would have difficulty:

1. Fighting infection.
2. Carrying oxygen.
3. Clotting the blood.
4. Transporting antibodies.

1. Neutrophils and lymphocytes are examples of:

1. Platelets.
2. Thrombocytes.
3. Erythrocytes.
4. Leukocytes.

1. Anemia could be caused by a lack of:

1. Monocytes.
2. Thrombocytes.
3. Hemoglobin.
4. Plasma.

1. A hematologist would MOST LIKELY treat someone with:

1. Varicose veins.
2. A myocardial infarction.
3. Hemophilia.
4. An arrhythmia.

1. Jasmine is diagnosed with an aneurysm. What is wrong with one of her arteries?

1. It is missing
2. It is twisted
3. There is a weakness in the wall
4. There is a clot that is stuck

1. Which of the following “cause-and-effect” statements is true?

1. Varicose veins cause an aneurysm.
2. Arteriosclerosis causes hypertension.
3. Leukemia causes phlebitis.
4. An arrhythmia causes an aneurysm.

1. Your friend has pain, edema and redness in the lower leg. What would cause those symptoms?

1. Phlebitis
2. Congestive heart failure
3. Myocardial infarction
4. Leukemia

1. What circulatory disorder could be diagnosed with an electrocardiogram?

1. Anemia
2. Fibrillation
3. Hypertension
4. Embolism

1. Which of the following disorders could be treated with chemotherapy, radiation, and/or a bone marrow transplant?

1. Myocardial infarction
2. Hypertension
3. Atherosclerosis
4. Leukemia

1. Why is a myocardial infarction life threatening?

1. Because a damaged heart muscle cannot pump blood effectively.
2. Because swollen veins lose elasticity which decreases blood flow to vital organs.
3. Because a minor bump or fall could lead to internal bleeding.
4. Because it inhibits the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in body cells.

Digestive System

1. Where does digestion begin?

1. Stomach
2. Small intestine
3. Esophagus
4. Mouth

1. What is the small muscular structure that hangs from the soft palate and can be seen when you look in someone’s mouth?

1. Epiglottis
2. Uvula
3. Hard palate
4. Tonsils

1. A bolus is made of:

1. Chewed food and saliva.
2. Digested food and chyme.
3. Salivary lipase and ptyalin.
4. Bile and flatus.

1. What would happen to food you swallowed if your esophagus did not perform peristalsis?

1. The food would be stuck in your esophagus.
2. The food would enter your trachea.
3. You would vomit when the food hit your stomach.
4. You would choke.

1. Roberta suffers from car sickness and can only ride on an empty stomach. If she eats at 8:00 am, what is the soonest she can ride in a car and be sure her stomach is empty?

1. 9:00 am
2. 10:00 am
3. 12:00 pm
4. 2:00 pm

1. When a person vomits, what is in the chyme that often causes burning?

1. Rennin
2. Rugae
3. Hydrochloric acid
4. Chymotrypsin

1. During digestion, food leaves the stomach and enters the:

1. Duodenum.
2. Ileum.
3. Cecum.
4. Jejunum.

1. What part of the large intestine does NOT serve as a passageway for fecal waste?

1. Colon
2. Rectum
3. Anus
4. Appendix

1. The liver secretes bile that aids in the digestion of:

1. Carbohydrates.
2. Proteins.
3. Fats.
4. Glucose.

1. The pancreas produces digestive enzymes that empty into the:

1. Gallbladder.
2. Stomach.
3. Duodenum.
4. Liver.

1. Why does alcoholism destroy the liver?

1. The liver detoxifies alcohol, but is overworked by alcoholism.
2. The liver has an allergic-type reaction to alcohol.
3. Alcohol robs the liver of glycogen, which causes liver cells to starve.
4. Alcohol is stored in the liver, causing the liver to enlarge.

1. Which of the following disorders of the digestive system is the MOST life threatening?

1. Cirrhosis
2. Constipation
3. Heartburn
4. Hemorrhoids

1. What disorder is often treated by the surgical removal of the gallbladder?

1. Hepatitis
2. Cholecystitis
3. Diverticulitis
4. Peritonitis

1. Because laxative use can be habit forming, what is the BEST way to treat constipation?

1. Vitamin supplements, diuretics and rest
2. Antibiotics, stool softeners and sitz baths
3. High fiber diet, increased fluid intake, and exercise
4. High protein diet, small meals, and lithotripsy

1. Diverticulitis is a disorder of the:

1. Liver.
2. Pancreas.
3. Small intestine.
4. Large intestine.

1. The H. pylori bacterium burrows into the stomach membranes and can cause a/an:

1. Ulcer.
2. Appendicitis.
3. Hernia.
4. Hemorrhoid.

1. It is recommended that health care workers receive a vaccine to prevent:

1. Hepatitis A.
2. Hepatitis B.
3. Hepatitis C.
4. Hepatitis D.

1. Which of the following disorders can you actually see?

1. Cirrhosis
2. Hepatitis
3. Inguinal hernia
4. Ulcerative colitis

1. What is the serious complication of a ruptured appendix?

1. Ulcer
2. Peritonitis
3. Hernia
4. Diverticulitis

1. What disorder could be found during a colonoscopy?

1. Peritonitis
2. Halitosis
3. Cancer
4. Hepatitis

Endocrine System

1. Which endocrine gland is also an exocrine gland?

1. Pituitary
2. Thymus
3. Pancreas
4. Ovary

1. The parathyroid glands are located nearest what structure?

1. Larynx
2. Pinna
3. Liver
4. Kidneys

1. What best describes the composition of a hormone?

1. A complex protein
2. A carbohydrate
3. A chemical substance
4. A cell with a nucleus

1. Why is the pituitary the “master gland”?

1. Its hormones affect other glands.
2. Its hormones can replicate the actions of other hormones.
3. All hormones start as immature pituitary hormones.
4. Its hormones control reproduction.

1. If your body produced too much thyrotropin, you would have an:

1. Overactive thyroid gland.
2. Overactive thymus.
3. Underactive thyroid gland.
4. Underactive thymus.

1. What diagnostic procedure might reveal a pituitary tumor?

1. Skull x-ray
2. Bronchoscopy
3. Brain scan
4. Chest x-ray

1. A teenage athlete who wants to grow bigger and taller might be foolish enough to take what pituitary hormone?

1. ACTH
2. FSH
3. Somatotropin
4. Prolactin

1. Lara is frightened and can feel her heart start to pound. What hormone is causing her reaction?

1. Epinephrine
2. Progesterone
3. Thyrotropin
4. Glucagon

1. Which of the following is classified as an endocrine hormone?

1. Glycogen
2. Insulin
3. Surfactant
4. Melanin

1. When doctors wish to induce labor, a pregnant woman is given pitocin, a synthetic form of what pituitary hormone?

1. Vasopressin
2. Estrogen
3. Progesterone
4. Oxytocin

1. Which of the following glands produces estrogen?

1. Pineal
2. Pituitary
3. Ovary
4. Adrenal

1. What hormones stimulate body hair, facial hair, large muscles and a deep voice?

1. Androgens
2. Estrogens
3. ADH and TSH
4. Aldosterone and cortisone

1. Acromegaly is caused by the oversecretion of somatotropin in adults, causing:

1. Enlarged bones in the hands, face and feet.
2. Extreme tallness and retarded mental development.
3. Polyuria, polydipsia, and dehydration.
4. A small body size and short extremities.

1. Robbie is 24 years-old, four feet tall, has short arms, and normal mental development. He has:

1. Diabetes insipidus.
2. Acromegaly.
3. Dwarfism.
4. Hypothyroidism.

1. Karla has an enlarged thyroid gland. The enlargement is called a/an:

1. Goiter.
2. Adenoma.
3. Fibroid.
4. Lipoma.

1. What symptoms would be exhibited by someone with hyperthyroidism?

1. Weakness, constipation and dry skin
2. Lethargy, weight loss and moon face
3. Hyperglycemia, polyuria and polyphagia
4. Extreme nervousness, irritability and rapid pulse

1. Who would have the greatest likelihood of developing Type II diabetes mellitus?

1. Thin child
2. Obese child
3. Thin adult
4. Obese adult

1. Cushing’s syndrome is a disorder of the:

1. Adrenal gland.
2. Thyroid gland.
3. Pituitary gland.
4. Pancreas.

1. What endocrine disorder can occur in countries that do not have iodized salt?

1. Addison’s disease
2. Cushing’s syndrome
3. Hypothyroidism
4. Dwarfism

1. What disorder might be treated with diet, exercise, and oral hypoglycemic drugs?

1. Goiter
2. Hyperthyroidism
3. Diabetes mellitus
4. Acromegaly

Integumentary System

1. A lack of oxygen supply to the skin can cause the skin to become:

1. Cyanotic.
2. Jaundiced.
3. White.
4. Red.

1. What medical treatment is effective because of the absorption function of the skin?

1. Defibrillation
2. Massage
3. Heating pad
4. Nicotine patch

1. The excretory function of the skin allows the body to eliminate excess:

1. Fat and sugar.
2. Water and heat.
3. Vitamin C.
4. Minerals.

1. Spending short periods of time in the morning sun can be beneficial. How?

1. Toughens the skin to improve its protective function.
2. Improves circulation to the skin, improving skin health.
3. Improves the skin’s elasticity, preventing wrinkles.
4. Helps in the production of Vitamin D.

1. The presence of cellulite can be attributed to what layer of the skin?

1. Epidermis
2. Dermis
3. Corium
4. Subcutaneous

1. When compared to someone with very light skin, a person with dark skin has more:

1. Melanin.
2. Melanocytes.
3. Vitamin D.
4. Vitamin C.

1. What causes the pinkish tint in an albino’s skin?

1. Melanin
2. Carotene
3. Blood vessels
4. Jaundice

1. What layer of the skin contains blood vessels, nerves and hair follicles?

1. Dermis
2. Epidermis
3. Hypodermis
4. Subcutaneous

1. Margie has always had white spots on her arm. They are MOST LIKELY caused by

1. Albino disorder.
2. Hives.
3. Calcium deficiency.
4. A lack of melanin.

1. Which of the following is a permanent disorder of the integumentary system?

1. Urticaria
2. Alopecia
3. Vesicle
4. Athlete’s foot

1. When you look at the skin, what layer can you see?

1. Epidermis
2. Dermis
3. Corium
4. Subcutaneous tissue

1. A new father describes his baby as looking like a “pumpkin.” The baby is MOST LIKELY:

1. Cyanotic.
2. Jaundiced.
3. Flushed.
4. An albino.

1. You might expect a person’s skin to be jaundiced if he/she has:

1. Melanoma.
2. Hepatitis.
3. Ringworm.
4. Scabies.

1. Basal cell and squamous cell are types of:

1. Pustules.
2. Allergic skin disorders.
3. Skin cancer.
4. Nodules.

1. Conrad has a crust on his knee. What did Conrad do two days ago?

1. Was hit in the knee by a snowball.
2. Fell and skinned his knee.
3. Stayed out in the sun too long.
4. Wore a friend’s gym shorts.

1. Which of the following skin diseases is contagious?

1. Eczema
2. Dermatitis
3. Athlete’s foot
4. Psoriasis

1. Your friend has developed a patch of red skin that is covered by silver scales. What is it?

1. Psoriasis
2. Urticaria
3. Alopecia
4. Dermatitis

1. What skin disorder is often life threatening?

1. Athlete’s foot
2. Eczema
3. Verrucae
4. Melanoma

1. What skin disorder can be treated with antibiotics?

1. Acne vulgaris
2. Athlete’s foot
3. Basal cell carcinoma
4. Scabies

1. Greta has macules on her face. The more common term is:

1. Chickenpox.
2. Freckles.
3. Hives.
4. Scabs.

Lymphatic System

1. What cells are a normal component of both lymph AND blood?

1. Erythrocytes
2. Lymphocytes
3. Platelets
4. Thrombocytes

1. Where would you find lymph vessels?

1. In tissues that do not have blood vessels
2. In the four chambers of the heart
3. Throughout the body
4. Only in organs of the digestive system

1. What causes lymph to flow through lymph vessels?

1. Peristalsis
2. The heart
3. Contractions of skeletal muscles against lymph vessels
4. Wavelike contractions of the muscular lining of lymph vessels

1. Where are the lingual tonsils located?

1. Tongue
2. Nose
3. Lips
4. On the voice box

1. A lymph node has two important functions. What are they?

1. Lymphocyte production and pumping lymph fluid.
2. Transportation of fats and lymph fluid.
3. Lymphocyte production and lymph filtration.
4. Pumping lymph fluid and transporting fats.

1. What organ recycles red blood cells?

1. Lymph node
2. Spleen
3. Thymus
4. Lingual tonsil

1. If a child does not have a functioning thymus, he/she might have difficulty:

1. Fighting infection.
2. Breathing.
3. Swallowing.
4. Removing toxic waste from the body.

1. What disorder of the lymph system is classified as a malignancy?

1. Adenitis
2. Hodgkin’s disease
3. Splenomegaly
4. Tonsillitis

1. Juan is a firefighter who is diagnosed with splenomegaly. Why would his doctor tell Juan he cannot go to work for a month?

1. He is most likely contagious.
2. His throat could swell shut and block his airway.
3. If bumped in the abdomen, his spleen could rupture.
4. He cannot be exposed to others because he cannot fight infection.

1. What is the usual treatment for occasional bouts of tonsillitis?

1. Tonsillectomy
2. Splenectomy
3. Antibiotics and warm throat irrigations
4. Narcotic pain medication and steroids

Muscular System

1. One of the characteristics of muscles is extensibility. This allows muscles to:

1. React to an impulse.
2. Contract.
3. Stretch.
4. Consume oxygen.

1. Which of the following is one of the properties of muscles?

1. Excitability
2. Portability
3. Stability
4. Feasibility

1. The walls of the heart are made of:

1. Cardiac muscle.
2. Coronary muscle.
3. Striated muscle.
4. Voluntary muscle.

1. Where would you find a voluntary muscle?

1. In blood vessel walls
2. Attached to the femur
3. Inside the heart
4. Lining the stomach

1. After you swallow food, what kind of muscle moves the food toward your stomach?

1. Cardiac
2. Skeletal
3. Voluntary
4. Smooth

1. The tough, sheetlike membrane that covers and protects muscle is:

1. Fascia.
2. A ligament.
3. A tendon.
4. Periostum.

1. What muscle movement occurs when you move your hand from an open palm to a fist?

1. Adduction
2. Abduction
3. Flexion
4. Extension

1. When a muscle attaches to a bone, the end that does not move is the:

1. Tendon.
2. Root.
3. Origin.
4. Insertion.

1. Of the following, what muscle is superior to the other three?

1. Intercostals
2. Gastrocnemius
3. Sternocleidomastoid
4. Trapezius

1. Of the following, what muscle would do the most work if you ran five miles?

1. Sternocleidomastoid
2. Quadriceps femoris
3. Biceps
4. Pectoralis major

1. What muscle is located above the waist?

1. Deltoid
2. Tibialis anterior
3. Gastrocnemius
4. Gluteus maximus

1. Karina’s leg was in a cast for ten weeks. You would expect her leg muscles to experience some degree of:

1. Atrophy.
2. Hypertrophy.
3. Circumduction.
4. Rotation.

1. What would cause a muscle contracture?

1. Twisting
2. Pulling
3. Lack of use
4. Overuse

1. What is the correct spelling for the muscles located between the ribs?

1. Intracostals
2. Intracoastals
3. Intercostals
4. Intercoastals

1. Where is the latissimusdorsi located?

1. Shoulder
2. Neck
3. Back
4. Leg

1. What disabling muscle disorder usually affects children?

1. Fibromyalgia
2. Muscular dystrophy
3. Myasthenia gravis
4. Strain

1. What is the recommended treatment for a muscle spasm in the calf?

1. Alternating hot and cold applications
2. Physical therapy
3. Stretch the muscle
4. Pain medication

1. What muscle is located in the calf?

1. Gastrocnemius
2. Triceps
3. Trapezius
4. Gluteus maximus

1. Tetanus is caused by:

1. Muscle strain.
2. A missing gene.
3. An autoimmune response.
4. A bacteria.

1. What muscle injury is often caused by overstreching a muscle?

1. Fibromyalgia
2. Strain
3. Dislocation
4. Atrophy

Nervous System