Board Review Physiology test 1 1

  1. Salatory conduction is described as conduction or an action potential through which type of fiber?

A.Myelinated nerve

  1. Unmyelinated nerve
  2. Cardiac muscle
  3. Smooth muscle
  1. The greatest increase in peripheral vascular restriction in response to wide spread sympathetic stimulation is going to effect which tissue?
  1. Nepatic
  2. Cardiac

C.Cutaneous

  1. Pulmonary
  1. Glomerulus consist primarily of ? that contain relative ? pressure compared to similar vessels in the bobd?

A.Capillaries/high

  1. Capillaries/low
  2. Arterioles/high
  3. Arterioles/low
  1. Relative refractory period is influenced by which of the following conditions?
  1.  Na

B. K

  1.  Na
  2.  K
  1. During which of the following stages is the most prolactin secreated?
  1. Soon after implantation

B.After delivery

  1. Post partum
  2. Before implantation
  1. Which of the following organells of skeletal muscle transmitts the action potential from outside of the cell to the inside of the cell?
  1. Myofibril
  2. Sacroplasmic reticulum

C.T-tubule

  1. Cross bridges
  1. The resting membrane potential of a neural membrane is said to be?
  1. Neutral

B.Polar

  1. Depolarized
  2. Hyperpolarizied
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  1. In order to absorb Vit. B-12 which of the following is required?
  1. Bile salts
  2. Micells

C.Intrinsic factor

  1. Pepsin
  1. Which of the following is a rapidly adapting receptor?
  1. Golgi tendon apparatus
  2. Thermoreceptor
  3. Ruffini coruscle

D.Pacinian corpuscle

  1. Golgi tendon apparatus
  1. What maintains basic body temep. Wht the entire body is chilled?
  1. Skin vasoconstriction
  2. Sweating
  3. Chemical thermogensis

D.Shivering

  1. Which of the following is the stimulus to activate the flexor/withdraw response?

A.Pain

  1. Cold
  2. Pressure
  3. Touch
  1. Stimulation of which of the following tracts causes involuntary contraction of an excitatory extensor?
  1. Reticulospinal
  2. Rubrospinal
  3. Corticospinal

D.Vestibulospinal

  1. Which of the following structures is not involved in the light reflex?
  1. Pretectal
  2. Edinger westphal nucleus
  3. Cillary ganglion

D.Lateral geniculate

  1. Which of the following is a characteristic of smooth muscle?
  1. Chodroitin
  2. Fibers are arranged in sarcomere

C.Actin

  1. Muscle spindles

  1. Influx of what ion is responsible for depolarization?
  1. Potassium
  2. Sodium
  3. Magnesium
  4. Magnesium
  1. The greatest % of CO2 is transported as?
  1. Dissolved CO2 7%
  2. Carboxylhemoglobin AKA for letter C
  3. Carbaminohemoglobin 23%
  4. Bicarbonate ion 70%
  1. Which area of the brain coordinates voluntary eye movement?
  1. Frontal (motor) pre motor cortex
  2. Temporal memory, hearing, & smell
  3. Occipital vision
  4. Parietal sensation primary sensory cortex. all sensations go to the thalamus except smell “thalamus don’t stink.”
  1. From which of the following structures is LH derived?
  1. Leydig cells

B.Anterior pituitary

  1. Posterior pituitary
  2. Hypothalamus
  1. The pancreas secretes which of the following substances?
  1. Amylose
  2. Gastrin Stimulates parital cells to produce HCl & Chief cells to produce pespicigen.
  3. Somatoststin From delta cells of the pancreas Balancing hormone for GH.
  4. Somatomedian In liver, growth hormone for cartilage.
NOTE alpha cells of pancreas glucagon. Beta cells of pancreas insulin
  1. During the resting phase of a neuron what is secreted?
  1. Na. K. pump

B.Na. Out

  1. K. out
  2. Ca. In
  1. Which of the following will lengthen the time for blood clotting?

A. Vit. K

  1.  arterial pressure
  2.  venous pressure
  3.  capillary pressure
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  1. The stomach secretes which of the following substances?
  1. Lipase
  2. Gastrin 2 functions 1) Activates prital cells to produce HCL. 2) Activates Chief cells.
  3. Cholecystokinin Fat stimulates the duodenum to release this. The duodenum acts on the gull bladder to release bile salts
  4. Secretin Secreted by duodenum. Stimulates the pancreas to release aqueous humor.  gastric mobility.
  1. Which of the following is responsible for the formation of the corpus luteum?

A.LH

  1. Estrogen
  2. Progesterone
  3. FSH
  1. When you come in contact with a cold object heat is lost by which of the following means?
  1. Convection air currents

B.Conduction

  1. Evaporation sweating
  2. Radiation ambiation
  1. When body temperature is decreased by air currents what type of heat loss is this?
  1. Convection air currents

B.Conduction

C.Evaporation sweating

D.Radiation ambiation

  1. Which of the following is most apt to produce the lowest renal filtration faction for glucose?

A.Hypoglycemia

  1. Hyperglycemia
  2. Glucosuria
  3. Galactosemia
  1. Which the following is present in both cascade pathways?
  1. C-1
  2. C-2
  3. C-3 links alternate and classical
  4. C-4
  1. Systemic circulation differs from pulmonic circulation in that it has a ? Pressure and a ? resistance to flow?
  1. Lower/lower
  2. Lower/higher
  3. Higher/lower

D.Higher/higher

  1. Which of the following conditions is most likely to cause edema?
  1. Decrease arterial pressure
  2. Increase plasma

C.Increase venous pressure

  1. Increase lymphatic pumping from skeletal muscle action
  1. Which of the following is increased in fast muscle fibers?

A.Concentration of glycolytic enzymes

  1. Concentration of Mitochondria
  2. Concentration of myoglobin
  3. Intercellular K concentration
  1. Which of the following does not promote the secretion of Glucose?
  1. Cortisol
  2. Epinephrine
  3. Norepinephrine

D.Acetylcholine

  1. The glomerulus freely filters ? but does not filter?
  1. Urea, glucose

B.Urea, albumin

  1. Creatine, glucose
  2. Glucose, sodium
  1. From which the following is a monocyte derived?
  1. Myelocyte monocyte  Macrophages
  2. Mast cells
  3. Lymphocyte  plasma cells  antibodies
  4. Macrophages
  1. Which of the following has largest cross-sectional area?
  1. Venules

B.Capillaries

  1. Arterioles
  2. Arteries
  1. The P wave on the EKG demonstrates the?
  1. Ventricular repolarization
  2. Ventricular depolarization
  3. Atrial repolarization

D.Atrial depolarization

  1. The sucking reflex stimulates the release of which of the following from the posterior pituitary?

A.Oxytocin

  1. LH
  2. Estrogen
  3. FSH
/
  1. Which of the following is secreted from the follicular stage of the menstrual cycle?

A.Estradiol

  1. LH
  2. Testosterone
  3. Progesterone
  1. The function of angiotensin II is for the?
  1. Absorption of glucose

B.Constriction of arterioles

  1. Absorption of Na
  2. Absorption of potassium
  1. Which of the following cause the delay in the in the impulse in the heart?
  1. SA node pacemaker of the heart
  2. AV node between atrium and ventricles
  3. Purkinje fibers
  4. Bundle of his
  1. Which has the largest lung the volume?
  1. Title volume  500 ml
  2. Inspiratory reserve  1100 ml
  3. Expiratory reserve 3000 ml

D.Vital capacity

NOTEVital to TIE Vital = title + inspiratory + expiratory (remember it is vital to TIE)
  1. The first audible sound found in diastole?
  1. Closure of AV valve
  2. Atrial relax

C.Closure of similar valve

  1. Here of the 1st sound
  1. That makes action potential of a neuron stronger?
  1. Brain
  2. Increased myelination

C.Increased stimulation

  1. Increase diameter
  1. Which of the followingmost effectively causes also body heat when compared to ambient heat?

A.Radiation

  1. Evaporation
  2. Convection

D.Conduction

  1. Which of the following neurotransmitters is released at a somatic neuromuscular junction?
  1. Dopamine
  2. Serotonin
  3. Epinephrine
  1. Acetylcholine

  1. Neurotransmitter molecules are released at nerve cell endings due to which ion?

A.Ca

  1. Na
  2. Chloride
  3. Potassium
  1. Which of the following is transported in the lymphatic system?

A.Chylomicrons

  1. Cholesterol
  2. Bile salts
  3. LDL
  1. An increase in thyroid hormone would result in which of the following?
  1. Decrease Glucose production
  2. Decrease blood pressure

C.Increase fat metabolism

  1. Weight gain
  1. A lower motor neuron lesion extends from the ? to the?
  1. Cortex, spinal cord
  2. Spinal cord, cortex

C.Spinal cord, effector

  1. Effector, spinal cord
NOTE  upper motor neuron lesion is from brain to anterior horn in there is no atrophy with the upper motor neuron lesions but there is atrophy with lower motor neuron lesions.
  1. Which of the following is the integrated system of the spinal cord?
  1. White spinal cord
  2. They spinal cord
  3. Extrapyramidal system

D.Cerebral motor cortex

  1. When exercising a muscle which of the following does not cause a muscle to shorten?
  1. Isotonic lifting  moving through a range of motion
  2. Eccentric
  3. Isometric muscle is not going through a range of motion.
  4. Concentric
  1. Which substance made by the kidney is responsible for the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood?
  1. Aldosterone

B.Erythropoietin

  1. Renin
  2. Angiotensin
/
  1. The amount of their left the long after maximal forceful expiration is called what volume?
  1. Title volume  500 ml
  2. Inspiratory reserve  1100 ml
  3. Expiratory reserve 3000 ml

D.Residualvital plus residual = 5800 ml = total lung capacity.

  1. Pacini corpuscles are stimulated by?

A.Insignificant vibration

  1. Pain  free nerve endings
  2. Temperature
  3. Severe depression of tissue  Merkels disc.
  1. On an EKG Arterial repolarization is represented by?
  1. RS wave
  2. T wave
  3. P wave

D.Hidden by the QRS wave

  1. Which is the greatest amount of resistance in the periphery?
  1. Capillaries  sympathetics don’t affect
  2. Arteries
  3. Veins
  4. Arterioles
  1. Total lung capacity could be defined as?
  1. Tital volume + residual volume
  2. Vital capacity + residual volume
  3. Inspiratory reserve + vital capacity
  4. Tital volume + inspiratory reserve
  1. The PO2 is greater and the pulmonary Veins than the O2 pressure of?

A.Left atrium

  1. Inspired air
  2. Pulmonary alveoli
  3. Atmospheric pressure
  1. The greatest percent of filtrated water is resorbed in the?
  1. Descending loop of Henely

B.Proximal tubule 90%

  1. Early distal tubule
  2. Collecting duct
  1. Which of the following substances is not a catacholamine?
  1. Norepinephrine
  2. Epinephrine
  3. Dopamine

D.Acetylcholine

  1. Which hormone is responsible for producing milk?

A.Prolactin anterior pituitary

  1. Oxytocin
  2. Estrogen
  3. Progesterone
  1. What is the function of an inhibitory neurotransmitter?

A.Inactivates the Na channels

  1. Increased potassium channels
  2. Activate sodium potassium pump

D.Activates calcium channels

  1. The hormones are involved in the initiation?
  1. LH and progesterone

B.FSH, LH

  1. LH and testosterone
  2. FSH and testosterone
  1. Which of the following is responsible for reducing Peripheral Arterial pressure?
  1.  sympathetics
  2.  Parasympathetic’s
  3.  pit sympathetics
  4. Decrease sympathetics there are no Parasympathetic’s in the periphery
  1. The descending pain modular system specifically inhibits which the following?

A.Internal C fiber in the dorsal horn

  1. Alpha fibers from spinal nerves
  2. Renshaw cells in the ventral horn
  3. Periaqueductal gray containing neuron
  1. Which of the following conditions increases the secretion of rennin?
  1.  plasma chloride concentration
  2.  blood volume
  3. Decrease blood pressureADH released by the posterior pituitary in response to low blood pressure (AKA for ADH is vasopressin)
  4.  plasma sodium concentration
  1. The role of the troptin tropmysoin complex in skeletal muscle is?
  1. Regulate Ca

B.Inhibit cross bridge formation

  1. Hydrolyze ATP
  2. Regulate membrane permeability to Na
/
  1. The Hering-Brewer reflex is initiated by which of the following?
  1. Stretch receptors in the lung and Bronchioles keep lungs from exploding when you breathe  located in the phumotaxic center Apneustic center inhabits pnumotaxic center.
  2. Chemoreceptors in Medulla
  3. Peripheral chemoreceptors
  4. Arterial baroreceptors
  1. The most difficult aspect of breathing to overcome is
  1. Airway resistance
  2. Tissue resistance

C.Elastic resistance

  1. Surface tension  effects alveoli  surfactant overcomes this (type II neumocytes)
  1. Which of the following does not have a rule in regulating blood sugar?
  1. Growth hormone

B.Luteinizing hormone

  1. Epinephrine
  2. Cortisol
  1. The absence of a cost around causes what to occur?
  1. Reabsorption of filtrated Na from the distal tubule is decreased
  2. Sodium is not reabsorbed by the proximal tubule
  3.  the GFR
  1. The net amount of tension developed in skeletal muscle is determined by?
  1. The relative number of the fast twitch fibers
  2. The amount of cholinesterase at the myoneural junction
  3. The number of motor units recruited motor unit  the nerve with all the muscles it supplies
  4. The number of slope which fibers
  1. Which of the following is the primary factor in long-term altered blood pressure?
  1. CNS Ischemic reflex

B.Blood volume

  1. Chemoreceptors
  2. Barroreceptors

  1. What is the integrative portion of the spinal cord reflex?
  1. White matter of the spinal cord
  2. Gray matter of the spinal cord
  3. Cerebral motor cortex
  4. Cerebellum
  1. Protein metabolism can best be measured through?
  1. Glucose nitrogen urine
  2. Uric acid in urine  decreased Bun is indicating of liver problem, increased Bun is indicating of kidney problem
  3. Creatinine in urine  muscle breakdown

D.Urea in the urine

  1. Osmoreceptors are located in?
  1. Adenohypophysis

B.Hypothalamus

  1. Proximal convoluted tubule
  2. Neurohypopysis
  1. Which of the following connective tissues is derived from monocytes?
  1. Mast cells
  2. Plasma cells
  3. Lymphocytes

D.Macrophages

  1. Proprioceptive fibers for sensory information from joints, tendons, muscles and ligaments are carried by what ascending tract?
  1. Spinocebellar unconscious proprioception
  2. Spinothalamic
  3. Vestibulospinal
  4. Corticospinal
  1. After ACH binds with this receptor, a channel opens in the end plate region that is large enough for both sodium and potassium ions to pass through. Initally, sodium ions move through and potassium ions don’t. What best explains this?
  1. Calcium ion movement inhibits potassium movement
  2. K is at an electrochemical equilibrium
  3. Na is at an electrochemical equilibrium
  4. Ca/Na binds & becomes too large
  1. Most metabolically produced CO2 is transported in the?

A.Plasma

  1. Hemoglobin
  2. Erythrocytes
  3. Albumin
/
  1. The greatest percent infiltrated water is reabsorbed in the?
  1. Descending loop of Henle

B.Proximal tubule

  1. Distal tubule
  2. Who really knows
  1. The greatest delay and not transmission of the cardiac system is?
  1. SA node

B.AV node

  1. Purkinje fibers
  2. Bundle of his
  1. What is the functional unit of skeletal muscle?
  1. Motor end plates
  2. Sarcoma

C.Motor unit

  1. Muscle spindle  stretch
  1. Where do muscle tendons signals transmit?

A.Post central gyrus

  1. Pre-central gyrus
  2. Superior temporal
  3. Middle temporal
  1. Fixed action patterns or motor programs for suckling in the bombing reflex are controlled by centers in the?
  1. Basal ganglia
  2. Hypothalamus
  3. Motor cortex

D.Brain stem

  1. Node to node conduction best describes?

A.Salatory conduction

  1. Axoplasmic
  2. Chronaxic
  3. Electronic
  1. The adrenal medulla is analogous to?
  1. Postganglionic Parasympathetic nerves
  2. Preganglionic parasympathetic nerves

C.Postganglionic sympathetic nerves

  1. Preganglionic sympathetic nerves
  1. What chemical produces hyperpolarization reactions in humans?

A.Potassium

  1. Na
  2. Ca
  3. Cl

  1. Neurons which mediate conscious control over single muscle groups are located in the?
  1. Cerebral cortex
  2. Cerebellum unconscious
  3. Basal ganglia  planned and coordinated voluntary movement
  4. Pre-motor cortex best answer
  1. When there is a significant decrease in Extracellular Na there is also an?
  1. Decrease in amplitude of action potential

B.Increase in amplitude of action potential

  1. Which ion is primarily responsible for reverse potential of over shoot of an action potential?
  1. Ca

B.Na

  1. Potassium
  2. Chloride
  1. What is the pituitary hormone involved in the secretory phase of menstruation?

A.LH

  1. FSH
  2. Estrogen  follicular stage
  3. Progesterone
  1. Stimulation of Barrow receptors cause an increase in?

A.Vagal stimulation of the heart

  1. Sympathetic stimulation of the heart
  2. Deep breathing
  3. Ganglionic filtration
  1. HCl acid is responsible for activation of?
  1. Parietal cells  release HCl
  2. Chief cells  release pepsinogen

C.Pepsinogen

  1. Pepsin
  1. The sympathetics exert the least effort on which of the following?
  1. Aorta you never want to constrict aorta
  2. Large arteries
  3. Arterioles
  4. Capillaries  no sympathetic innervation
  1. Laminar blood flow is characterized by

A.Parabolin velocity profile

  1. Murmurs
  2. Turbulence
  3. Eddy currents
/
  1. Normal Serum contains the greatest amount of?
  1. IgA Saliva, tears, breast milk (you can’t spit and cry in the milk at the IgA)
  2. IgE

C.IgG greatest amount

  1. IgD
  2. IgM biggest and first to respond
  1. The primary function of the lymphatic system is to control the?
  1. Concentration of protein in the interstitial fluid.
  2. Maintain positive interstitial pressure
  3. Controlled concentration of fat in the circulatory system
  4. Control venous pressure
  1. At normal partial pressure of O2 in the alveolar the hemoglobin is?
  1. 40%

B.97% saturated

  1. 45%
  2. 105%
  1. The respiratory system in the brain stem is most strongly influenced by?

A.CO2 concentration in blood Pontomedguallary center  this  respiration

  1. O2 concentration in the blood
  2. Blood pressure fluctuation
  3. Osmolality of the blood
  1. The air remaining in lungs after maximal expiration is known as?
  1. Title volume
  2. Expiratory volume
  3. Total lung capacity

D.Residual volume

  1.  surface tension created by water affects compliance of which pulmonary structure?
  1. Bronchi
  2. Bronchioles
  3. Alveoli
  4. Trachea
  1. Under normal circumstances the substance is completely absorbed?
  1. Urea
  2. Na
  3. Potassium
  4. Glucose blood

  1. Dehydration causes an  in what secretion?
  1. ADH
  2. Cortisol
  3. Epinephrine
  4. Insulin
  1. Which of the following causes  glomerular filtration?
  1. Plasma colloidal osmotic pressure
  2. Obstruction of nephritic tubules
  3.  glomerular pressure
  4.  blood flow through the Efferent Arterial  this will  GFR because water follows proteins.