Biotechnology Practice
1 Stem cells are undifferentiated cells. They have the potential to become any type of cell in the body. They are already used in treating many diseases, and scientists hope to learn how to use them to regenerate damaged or destroyed parts of the body.
Which of the following sources of stem cells presents the greatest ethical problems or controversies?
/ B. / Stem cells can be created from many types of cells in adults, such as skin cells.
/ C. / Stem cells can be harvested from umbilical cord blood after the birth of a baby.
/ D. / Stem cells can be harvested by destroying human embryos.
2. Biotechnology is used in a variety of areas from agriculture to pharmaceuticals to fuels.
How is the use of biotechnology in agriculture beneficial to the environment?
/ B. / Genetically altered crops produce less carbon dioxide.
/ C. / Genetically altered crops are more delicious.
/ D. / Genetically altered crops are unable to reproduce.
3. The first commercial application of genetic engineering was the use of bacteria to make insulin, a medicine needed by diabetics. Before the use of genetically-engineered bacteria, insulin had to be harvested from the pancreases of slaughtered animals.
How has genetic engineering most likely improved the lives of diabetics?
/ B. / It has made the incidence of diabetes decrease.
/ C. / It has made the demand for insulin decrease.
/ D. / It has made it easier for diabetics to inject themselves with insulin.
4. DNA can be recovered from skin cells, hair follicles, and body fluids. The recovered DNA can be used to make DNA fingerprints.
How do DNA fingerprints help police?
/ B. / DNA can be used to identify whether a person was present at a crime scene.
/ C. / A person's genetic code will indicate whether they have criminal tendencies.
/ D. / A person's genetic code can be used to determine which part of the country they are from.
5. Researchers have genetically engineered bacteria to produce bovine growth hormone. This hormone can be given to cows in order to increase their milk production.
How will increasing a cow's milk production most likely impact society?
/ B. / The cows will age more quickly, and soon there will be a shortage of cows.
/ C. / The milk produced by the cows will have fewer nutrients and will cause people to suffer from nutritional diseases.
/ D. / People will begin to drink more milk than they did before.
6. Gene therapy is an artificial means of altering genetic material. Why might gene therapy be performed?
/ A. / to try to become more emotionally stable/ B. / to try to cure a genetic disorder
/ C. / to try to break a bad habit
/ D. / to try to produce a negative effect
7. Which of the following techniques separates molecules based on size?
/ A. / creating transgenic organisms/ B. / polymerase chain reaction
/ C. / gel electrophoresis
/ D. / gene therapy
8 .Which technique would most likely be used by forensic scientists?
A DNA fingerprinting
B karyotyping
C gene cloning
D gene therapy
9.Which is one reason scientists produce transgenic organisms?
A to create new species of organisms
B to control microorganisms in the soil
C to prevent habitats from being destroyed
D to treat certain types of diseases
10.Two people believe they are related. Which would be the best technique to
determine if they are related?
A testing blood types
B comparing DNA
C examining karyotypes
D testing for genetic disorders
11.Which is a step in the process of producing transgenic bacteria?
AA human gene is inserted into a bacterial plasmid.
B A mutation is produced in a bacterial cell.
C plasmid is used to replace a faulty gene in a human cell.
D A chain of bacterial amino acids is inserted into human DNA.
12.How is the process of gene therapy used to treat cystic fibrosis?
- by replacing the abnormal gene with a copy of the normal gene
- by removing a portion of the abnormal gene
- by adding a nitrogen base to the beginning of the DNA sequence
- by inducing a mutation
13. The diagram shows DNA fingerprints from a daughter horse, the mother horse, and four possible fathers. Which horse is most likely the father?
a. horse 1b. horse 2c. horse 3d. horse 4
14. DNA is cut into fragments by
A. DNA polymerases
B. proteins
C. restriction enzymes
D. ribosomes
15. Gel electrophoresis of a human tissue can determine
A. age of an individual
B. variations in DNA sequences
C. chromosomal aneuploidy
D. criminal tendencies of an individual
E. intelligence of an individual
16. A goal of the Human Genome Project (HGP) is to
A. clone body parts
B. determine which traits are most desirable
C. increase human intelligence quotas (IQ)
D. map and sequence human DNA
E. predict phenotypes from small samples of DNA
17. What is the reason for farmers to use genetically modified crops?
a. increase yields
b. decrease pesticide input
c. create more nutritional crops
d. create tastier crops
e. all of the above
18. When running a gel electrophoresis…
a. larger, heavier fragments travel farther
B. DNA does not move
C. all fragments of DNA travel the same distance
D. smaller fragments of DNA travel farther
19. The gel above is DNA sample from similar endangered species. Which two are the most closely related?
a. A & Db. B & Fc. C & Dd. E & F