Multiple Choice:
1) Which of the following appeared first on earth?
a) Eukaryotes
b) Single celled eukaryotes
c) Insects
d) Prokaryotes
2) Prokaryotic cells are characterized by:
a) Multicellularity
b) Membrane bound organelles
c) Having a nucleus
d) None of the above
3) All of the following are signs of life except:
a) Containing DNA
b) Containing RNA and DNA
c) Reproduction
d) Made up of cells
4) Which of the following is more inclusive than Class in the taxonomy system?
a) Family
b) Species
c) Phylum
d) Genus
4.5) Which of the following is more exclusive than Archaea?
a) Phylum
b) Fungi
c) Genus
d) All of the above
5) Which of the following is not one of the kingdoms included in the domain of eukarya?
a) Virus
b) Protista
c) Animal
d) Fungi
6) T of F: All domain bacteria are single celled, and prokaryotic.
7) Which of the following correctly associates the kingdom with how it gets food?
a) Fungi- autotrophs
b) Protistas- autotrophs and heterotrophs
c) Animalae- saphotrophs
d) Plantae- Heterotrophs
8) All plantae are:
a) multicellular and have cell walls
b) heterotrophs and have cell walls
c) autotrophs and have no cell walls
d) saphotrophs and are single celled
9) A change over time in genetics is also called:
a) natural selection
b) Evolutionary fitness
c) Variation
d) Evolution
10) Which of the following is not one of the requirements for natural selection?
a) Inheritance
b) Single cellularity
c) Variation
d) Differences in reproduction and survival
11) Frogs are struggling to survive in my yard, because of the large number of snakes that rely on frogs for food. In this instance, the snakes would be considered…
a) An adaptation
b) Evolutionary Fitness
c) A selective pressure
d) None of the above
12) T or F: If you jump from #5 to #4 on the pH scale, you lose 10x the Hydrogen ions.
13) Chemical Bonds…
a) Are a linkage between 2 atoms
b) Occur because they are sharing electrons
c) Both A and B
d) None of the above
14) Which of the following statements is correct regarding the pH scale?
a) More basic substances tend to have more H ions
b) when a substance is neutral it will contain more OH ions
c) An acidic substance will contain more OH ions
d) Acidic substances will contain more H ions
15) Which of the following correctly pairs the macromolecule with its subunit?
a) Carbohydrate: Glycerol + Fatty Acid
b) Lipid: Monosaccharide
c) Protein: Amino Acid
d) Nucleic Acid: Amino Acid
16) If a patient has a prion related illness, which level of their protein structure will be affected?
a) Primary
b) secondary
c) tertiary
d) both secondary and tertiary
17) What is this structure to the right?
a) Carbohydrate- Monosaccharide
b) Nucleic Acid- Monosaccharide
c) Protein- Nucleotide
d) Carbohydrate- polysaccharide
18) What are the classes of Lipids?
a) Glycerol and Fatty Acid
b) Fats and Phospholipids
c) Unsaturated and Saturated
d) Amino acids
19) Trans Fats:
a) lower bad cholesterol
b) Raise good cholesterol
c) Lower both good and bad cholesterol
d) Raise bad cholesterol, and lower good cholesterol
20) T or F: Unsaturated fats are characterized by straight fatty acids tails
21) What are the classes of nucleic acids?
a) RNA and DNA
b) Nucleotides
c) Amino acids
d) GATC
22) What is the structure to the right?
a) protein
b) amino acid
c) nucleotide
d) monosaccharide
23) The smallest unit of life is…
a) DNA
b) DNA and RNA together
c) A cell
d) An atom
24) Which of the following shows binomial nomenclature in correct form?
a) Homo sapiens
b) Homo Sapiens
c) Homo Sapiens
d) Homo sapiens
25) Which domain is the only that includes multi-cellular organisms?
a) Eukarya
b) bacteria
c) archaea
d) all of the above
26) Which of the following shows proper base pairing between in a DNA sequence?
a) A-C, and G-A
b) A-T, and C-G
c) U-G, and C-A
d) A-T, and G-T
27) A structure in a cell, such as a membrane bound organelle, stops functioning properly and needs to be transported out of the cell. Which method of transportation will be used to remove it?
a) diffusion
b) endocytosis
c) exocytosis
d) active transport
28) Transcription involves…
a) RNA being used to make proteins in the nucleus
b) RNA being used to make proteins in the cytoplasm
c) DNA being used to make RNA in the nucleus
d) DNA being used to make RNA in the cytoplasm
29) Which of the following is correct about the production of proteins?
a) the SER makes proteins, because it has ribosomes
b) the RER makes proteins, because it is in the nucleus
c) the RER makes proteins because RNA is read on ribosomes
d) both C and D are correct
e) none of the above are correct
30) Cell membranes are ______.
a) semi-permeable membranes
b) made of 100% lipids
c) Phospholipid bilayers
d) made of Cholesterol, lipids, and Proteins
e) A, C, and D are all correct
31) Which of the following descriptions properly describes the process of transcription?
a) Ribosomes read RNA and turn it into a protein in the nucleus
b) Ribosomes read RNA and turn it into a protein in the cytoplasm
c) DNA is unwound and one side is read and turned into RNA in the cytoplasm
d) DNA is unwound and one side is read and tuned into RNA in the nucleus
32) Which of the following things are unique to RNA?
a) Thymine
b) Uracil
c) Double sided strand
d) Single strand
e) Both B and C are correct
f) both A and D are correct
33) Which of these makes each individual person unique?
a) Nucleic acids
b) Phosphate groups
c) 5 carbon sugars
d) Nitrogenous bases
34) What two things led us to believe in the theory of endosymbiosis? (circle 2)
a) Transcription
b) Enfolding of the plasma membrane
c) Oxygen appearing in our atmosphere
d) Engulfing of other cells
35) T or F: the Rough endoplasmic reticulum makes lipids.
36) T or F: RNA is read on ribosomes so, ribosomes aid in the production of proteins.
37) Where in a cell are things marked and told where to go in the body?
a) the membrane bound lysosome
b) the non-membrane bound golgi apparatus
c) the membrane bound golgi apparatus
D) the membrane bound mitochondria
38) What in our cells attaches to all organelles and aids in movement of things around the inside of the cell?
a) mitochondira
b) cytoplasm
c) cytoskeleton
d) golgi-apparatus
39) The ADP to ATP cycle can be characterized by which of the following?
a) Adding a phosphate group to ADP
b) breaking the 3rd bond on ATP to release energy
c) creating the energy currency for our cells
d) metabolism
e) all of the following are correct
40) During the process of fermentation, 1 glucose molecule will produce:
a) 36 ATP
b) 4 ATP
c) 2 ATP
d) 37 ATP
41) During the process of cellular respiration, 1 glucose molecule will produce:
a) 36 ATP
b) 34 ATP
c) 2 ATP
d) 37 ATP
42) Which of the following orders, shows these steps of cellular respiration in order?
a- Electron transport system, b- prep step, c- glycolysis, d-krebs cycle
a) c-d-a-b
b) a-b-c-d
c) c-b-a-d
d) c-b-d-a
43) Which of the following properly pairs the amount of ATP made with the correct step of cellular respiration?
a) Step 3-Krebs cycle: 4 ATP
b) Step 1-glycolysis: 32 ATP
c) Step 1- Electron Transport system: 2 ATP
d) Step 4- Electron Transport system: 32 ATP
44) Circle all of the following steps that produce NADH and/or FADH:
a) Glycolysis
b) electron transport system
c) Prep step
d) Krebs cycle
e) none of the above
45) Are the NADH and FADH that cellular respiration produces important?
a) NO: they are waste products
b) NO: they die disintegrate
c) YES: they make proteins
d) YES: they shuttle around H+ ions
e) YES: they produce more ATP
f) both d and e are correct
46) H+ ions build up on the mitochondrial membrane, and want to move ______their concentration gradient, so they do, on a protein called ______, and that process is called ______, and it adds a phosphate group to ADP, creating ______.
47) Why did your professor call the process of fermentation “glycolysis with a twist”?
a) Because Glycolysis no longer occurs, and only lactic acid builds up
b) Because Glycolysis no longer occurs
c) Because Glycolysis occurs, then there is a build up of lactic acid
d) Because Glycolysis occurs, then the pyruvate enters the mitochondria
48) What will the phenotype be for the offspring from a mother with a homozygous dominant pattern for blue eyes, and a blue eyed father who is heterozygous?
a) 50% heterozygous, 50% homozygous dominant
b) 100% chance of blue eyes
c) 100% chance of non-blue eyes
d) none of the above
49) DNA exists in us as ______, which is ______winded around ______.
50) In humans, colorblindness is an X-linked trait. Normal vision is Dominant (B). If you have a mother who is a carrier of the colorblindness gene, and a father who has normal vision, what are the chances that a male child will be colorblind?
a) 0%
b) 25%
c) 50%
d) 100%
51) Little chemical tags, such as methyl, that attach to our DNA and determine our gene expression, is what we know as…
a) Alleles
b) epigenenome
c) genome
d) amino acids
52) Where are the two specific places that epigenetic tags can attach? (circle 2)
a) RNA
b) DNA
c) Histones
d) Hydrogen
53) Which of the following statements is true regarding the cell cycle?
a) Interphases is the splitting of DNA
b) Mitosis is the copying of DNA
c) Cytokinesis is the splitting of the cytoplasm, aka the entire cell.
d) None of the above are true statements.
54) In which phase of the cell cycle is DNA copied?
a) Cytokinesis
b) Interphase
c) Mitosis
55) T or F: all body cells divide the same way and the same amount of times in their lifetime.
56) What things does the cell cycle have to protect us from unhealthy cell division?
a) Checkpoints
b) Proto-oncogenes
c) Tumor-suppressor genes
d) All of the above
57) Which of the following is a way a cancer cell will behave?
a) It will adhere to a tissue and remain there for most of it’s lifetime
b) It will have limited division
c) It will travel (metastasize) to other tissues around the body
d) It will be genetically un-altered
58) T or F: The 2 genes that regulate the cell cycle, are 1-proto-oncogenes that suppress cell divison, and 2- tumor suppressor genes that stimulate cell division
59) What happens over time to the end caps on chromosomes (telomeres) when cells divide?
a) they make proteins
b) they kill off cells
c) they degrade
d) they regenerate
60) A women is having a biopsy of a lump in her breast done. The doctor finds cells that look larger and darker than normal with multiple nuclei. Those cells appear to be…
a) Dysplasic
b) Normal
c) Metastasized
d) Malignant
Identify the structure (be specific!):