TERM / DEFINITION /
Gene / A segment of DNA nucleotides that code for a specific protein to be produced and leads to the expression of a hereditary trait or characteristic
Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) / The biomolecule classified as a nucleic acid and composed of nucleotides; genetic
material in a single helix form
Nitrogen Base / A nitrogen containing molecule with basic properties that is found in nucleic acids;
adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine, and uracil
Codon / Three adjacent nitrogen bases of mRNA that code for an amino acid
Uracil / A pyrimidine base that pairs with adenine and is found only in RNA
Transcription / The process in which a strand of DNA is copied into an RNA strand for the purpose
of protein synthesis
Translation / The process in which a strand of mRNA is “read” by a ribosome in a cell, and amino acids are attached in a particular sequence in order to form proteins
Anticodon / A sequence of three nitrogen bases found on the tRNA molecule that correspond with a specific sequence of nitrogen bases on the mRNA strand; determines the placement of specific amino acids
Transfer RNA (tRNA) / An RNA molecule that is responsible for transporting amino acids to the ribosome
to be used in the synthesis of proteins
Messenger RNA (mRNA) / The single-stranded nucleic acid that is formed in the nucleus of a cell as a copy of a DNA strand
Gene Expression / The process a gene goes through to make a functioning gene product
TERM / DEFINITION /
Gene / A segment of DNA nucleotides that code for a specific protein to be produced and leads to the expression of a hereditary trait or characteristic
Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) / The biomolecule classified as a nucleic acid and composed of nucleotides; genetic
material in a single helix form
Nitrogen Base / A nitrogen containing molecule with basic properties that is found in nucleic acids;
adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine, and uracil
Codon / Three adjacent nitrogen bases of mRNA that code for an amino acid
Uracil / A pyrimidine base that pairs with adenine and is found only in RNA
Transcription / The process in which a strand of DNA is copied into an RNA strand for the purpose
of protein synthesis
Translation / The process in which a strand of mRNA is “read” by a ribosome in a cell, and amino acids are attached in a particular sequence in order to form proteins
Anticodon / A sequence of three nitrogen bases found on the tRNA molecule that correspond with a specific sequence of nitrogen bases on the mRNA strand; determines the placement of specific amino acids
Transfer RNA (tRNA) / An RNA molecule that is responsible for transporting amino acids to the ribosome
to be used in the synthesis of proteins
Messenger RNA (mRNA) / The single-stranded nucleic acid that is formed in the nucleus of a cell as a copy of a DNA strand
Gene Expression / The process a gene goes through to make a functioning gene product