Name______

Biology Final Study Guide

  1. What is the difference between a biome, population, community, and ecosystem?

A population is a group of organisms of the same species living in the same area, a community is a group of populations living in the same area, an ecosystem is a biological community and the abiotic factors that affect it, and a biome is a group of ecosystems that share the same climate.

  1. How does a trophic level relate to a food web?

A trophic level is each step in a food web or food chain

  1. How do the symbiotic relationships differ? (mutalism, parasitism, and commensalism)

In mutualism, both partners benefit, in parasitism one benefits and the other is harmed, in commensalism, on benefits and the other is not affected.

  1. When does primary succession begin?

Primary succession occurs on bare rock, where no soil is present. Ex: after a lava flow

  1. Which biome is characterized by cold temperature, low precipitation, and permafrost?

Tundra

  1. What is occurring in the greenhouse effect?

Certain gases (water vapor, methane, CO2) are trapped in the Earths atmosphere and do not allow heat to radiate back into space

  1. What characteristics do all aquatic ecosystems share?

Depth, flow, temperature, and water chemistry

  1. How do biotic and abiotic factors differ?

Biotic factors are living, Abiotic factors are nonliving

  1. What are the classifications of organisms? (KPCOFGS)

Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

  1. Several classes make up what?

Phylum

  1. A genus is made up of related what?

Species

  1. What is biodiversity?

The number of different species living in a specific area

  1. What happens to the birth and death rate when a population grows?

The birth rate becomes higher than the death rate

  1. What makes up an organisms scientific name?

Genus and species

  1. What does binomial nomenclature mean?

2 names

  1. What is a limiting factor?

A biotic or abiotic factor that restricts the number, distribution, or reproduction of a population within a community

  1. What are the three classifications of fish and what are their main differences?

Agnatha-jawless, Chondrichthyes- cartilaginous, Osteichthyes- bony

  1. What Kingdoms have eukaryotic cells and which have prokaryotic?

Eubacteria and Archaea are Prokaryotic, all others are Eukaryotic

  1. What characteristic allows a sponge to regrow damaged parts?

Its ability to undergo fragmentation

  1. Why does external fertilization have to occur in water?

The sperm must be able to swim to the egg

  1. Do roundworms reproduce sexually or asexually?

Sexually

  1. What type of body cavity do flatworms have? Roundworms?

Acoelomate, Pseudocoelomate

  1. What are the characteristics of ALL animals?

Multicellular, Heterotrophic, Movement

  1. Do all spiders use venom to kill their prey?

Yes

  1. What is the difference between radial and bilateral symmetry?

Radial can be divided into 2 equal halves along several planes, bilateral can only be divided along 1 plane

  1. What are the characteristics of all mammals?

Hair and mammary glands

  1. What are birds’ adaptations for flight?

Feathers, strong breast muscles, hollow bones

  1. What are sharks’ skeletons made of?

cartilage

  1. What adaptation allows reptiles to reproduce on land?

Amniotic egg

  1. How many chambers does a bird heart have? Mammal heart?

4

  1. What structure so spiders use to spin their webs?

spinnerets

  1. Why does external fertilization have to take place in water?

The sperm must swim to the egg

  1. How do humans contract hookworms?

Walking barefoot through contaminated soil

  1. What is the function of an exoskeleton?

Protection of internal organs, muscle attachment, prevent drying out

  1. The tentacles of cephalopods are part of what structure?

Foot

  1. What class of mollusks does clams, oysters, and scallops belong to?

Bivalvia

  1. What group of arthropods have pedipalps modified for reproduction?

Male spiders

  1. What group of arthropods has swimmerets?

Crustaceans

  1. What structure do spiders use to kill their prey?

Chelicerae

  1. What is the difference between reptile skin and amphibian skin?

Reptile skin is dry and scaly, amphibian skin is moist and smooth

  1. Do all spiders use a web to capture their prey?

No, some build tunnels or ambush prey

  1. What is a characteristic of ALL echinoderms?

Tube feet

  1. What is the function of fish scales?

Protection

  1. Echinoderms use what structure to exchange gases, creep, burrow, grasp, and pull?

Tube feet

  1. Through what structure does water enter the water vascular system of an echinoderm?

Madreporite

  1. What is the name of the class of bony fish? Cartilaginous fish?

Osteichthyes, Chondrichthyes

  1. What is the main characteristic of all amphibians?

Living the first part of their life in an aquatic environment

  1. What 3 structures do amphibians use to exchange gases?

Gills, Lungs, Skin

  1. What group of arthropods has wings?

Insects

  1. What group of reptiles has a 4 chambered heart?

Crocodilians

  1. Amphibians have a ______-loop circulatory system?

Double

  1. What is the difference between reptile eggs and bird eggs?

Reptile eggs are leathery, Bird eggs are hard

  1. How are bird bones adapted for flight?

They are hollow and strong

  1. Why aren’t reptiles found in cold climates?

They are ectothermic

  1. What structure is found in most aquatic animals?

Gills

  1. What group of mammals has young that develop in a pouch?

Marsupials

  1. What group of mammals has young that develop in eggs?

Monotremes

  1. What marsupial is found in North America?

Opossum

  1. What is the primary function of mammal hair?

Insulation

  1. What classes of vertebrates are endothermic?

Birds and Mammals

  1. How many chambers do most reptile hearts have?

3

  1. Are all animals heterotrophic?

Yes