Name: ______Per.______

BIOLOGY EOC REVIEW PACKET(Major grade! Due May 6!)

Scientific Method

1.Define the following:

  1. Independent Variable:
  2. Dependent Variable:
  1. Control Variable:
  1. Controlled experiment:
  2. Hypothesis:

2.You have measured the rate at which a fish breaths at various temperatures by counting the rate atwhich its gills open. The data table is shown below. Create a line graph depicting the results.

Breathing Rate (breaths/minute) / Temperature (°C)
19 / 5
25 / 10
30 / 20
34 / 30
38 / 35
  1. What is the independent variable? Explain why.
  1. The dependent variable? Explain why.
  1. What happens to breathing rate with increase in temperature?
  1. Identify at least 3 control variables in this experiment.
  1. What do you think would happen if you raised thetemperature even more? Why would it be a bad idea to do this?

3.An experiment was performed to determine how much fertilizer was needed to produce the most pumpkins on the vine. The results are shown below.

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Pumpkin A / Pumpkin B / Pumpkin C
Type of pumpkin seed / Jack-o-Lantern / Jack-o-Lantern / Jack-o-Lantern
Amount of water given daily (mL) / 29.5 / 29.5 / 29.5
Amount of sunlight / full sunlight / full sunlight / full sunlight
Temperature (oC) / 23.9 / 23.9 / 23.9
Amount of fertilizer given (g) / 0 / 200 / 300
Type of soil / organic / Organic / Organic
Day the seeds were planted / 7/8/2007 / 7/8/2007 / 7/8/2007
Number of pumpkins that the vine produced. / 3 / 6 / 2
  1. What is the problem?
  1. What is the independent variable?
  1. What is the dependant variable?
  1. Identify at least 3 control variables in this experiment.
  1. How much fertilizer would you use to grow the most pumpkins?

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Chapter 2 – The Chemistry of Life

4.Fill in chart below:

Organic Molecule: / Contains which of the following:
C, H, O, N, P / Made up of: / Function / Examples
Carbohydrates / •
•Structural support for plants
Lipids / •Store energy for living things
•
•Leaves translucent spots on paper
•Steroids = chemical messengers
Proteins / •Regulate cell processes.
•Form bones & muscle.
•
•Fight off disease. (Immune System)
Nucleic Acids / •

5.What is the function of an enzyme?

6.How do temperature and pH affect enzymes?

7.Why is water important to living things?

8.Label the parts of enzyme substrate complex (word bank: enzyme, substrate, enzyme substrate complex, reactant, product)

9.Water is POLAR (which mean it is + on one end and– on the other).

10.Define Surface Tension:

11.Acids have pH

12.Bases have pH

13.Neutral solutions have pH of

Chapter 7 – Cell Structure & Function (including Diffusion and Osmosis)

14.Define the following:

  1. Lipid bilayer –
  1. Protein Channels –

15.List the function of the following organelles:

Organelle / Function
Nucleus
Ribosomes
Cell membrane
Cell wall
Mitochondria
Vacuoles
Lysosome
Golgi apparatus
Chloroplast
Endoplasmic reticulum

16.Label as many parts of the cells as you can.

17.Which is a plant cell – left or right?

18.List the hierarchy of cell organization from largest to smallest below:

19.Compare and contrast eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells.

20.Compare and contrast plant cells and animal cells.

Plant:

Animal:

Both:

21.Define semi-permeable membrane:

22.In osmosis, water moves from an area of______to an area of ______concentration.

23.In diffusion, molecules move from an area of ______to an area of ______concentration.

24.Explain what has happened in the diagram to the left.

  1. Why did the large dark molecules NOT move to the left?
  1. If the dark molecule is starch, where is the starch concentration greatest (left or right)?
  1. If the white molecule is water, where is the water concentration greatest at first?
  1. If the dark molecules could move, in what direction would they move? Why

25.Draw arrows to show which way water will move in each of the following situations:

  1. Salt inside the cell = 65% and outside the cell 40%.
  1. Sugar inside the cell 27% and outside 80%.

26.Complete the table.

Passive Transport / Active Transport
Requires energy?
Low to high or High to low?
Examples / Diffusion,______,______ / Exocytosis & ______

Chapter 10 – The Cell Cycle & Mitosis

27.When does the duplication of DNA occur?

28.What is a cell doing during the GI and G2 periods?

29.What happens during cytokinesis?

30.If the cell cycle is controlled by enzymes, what might result if the genes that control the production of these enzymes are damaged?

31.Put the following stages of mitosis (cell division) in order and label each phase as: interphase, prophase, anaphase, metaphase, telophase.

32.Describe in words what happens at each stage of meiosis.

  1. Interphase:
  1. Prophase I:
  1. Metaphase I:
  1. Anaphase I:
  1. Telophase I:
  1. Prophase II:
  1. Metaphase II:
  1. Anaphase II:
  1. Telophase II:

33.Complete the following table comparing mitosis and meiosis.

Mitosis / Meiosis
Type of Reproduction (asexual or sexual)
Chromosome number of parent cell
(1N=haploid or 2N=diploid)
Chromosome number of daughter cells
(1N=haploid or 2N=diploid)
Number of Cell Divisions
Number of Daughter Cells
When does DNA replication take place? / Interphase

Chapter 12 – DNA & RNA

34.To the right is a strand of DNA. Give the complementary nucleotidesequence needed to make this a double helix.

______

35.What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide? ______, ______. ______

36.What are the black pentagons? What are the PO4’s?

37.What kind of weak bonds hold the two strands of DNA together?

38.Describe the process of transcription and where it happens.

39.If the strand of DNA to the left undergoes transcription, what will thesequence of the mRNA be?

40.What is a codon?

41.Describe the process of translation and where it happens.

42.After translation, what would the amino acid sequence be for this sectionof mRNA?

43.What kind of bond holds the amino acids together in the protein that isformed?

44.Complete the following table comparing DNA and RNA.

DNA / RNA
Sugars
Bases
Number of Strands
Where in the Cell
Function

45.Describe the process of DNA replication.

46.What is the end result of DNA replication?

47.What is a mutation?

48.What the three types of RNA and what are their functions?

mRNA –

rRNA –

tRNA –

Chapter 11 – Intro to Genetics

49.Define:

  1. dominant –
  1. recessive –
  1. homozygous –
  2. heterozygous –
  1. genotype –
  2. phenotype –
  3. allele-

50.Sample Monohybrid Cross Question:

  1. In a genetics laboratory, two heterozygous tall plants are crossed. If tall is dominant over short, what are the expected phenotypic results? (SHOW YOUR WORK!)

PARENT CROSS______x ______

______% Tall

______% short

  1. If one homozygous short plant is crossed with a heterozygous tall plant, what percentage of the offspring will be short?

PARENT CORSS______x ______

______% short

______% Tall

  1. What are the genotypes of the parents that would produce 50% short and 50% tall pea plants?

______x ______

51.Sample incomplete dominance question: When Red and white flowers are crossed, pink flowers are produced. What is expected when two pink flowers cross?

Key: RR = red WW = white RW = pink

______X ______

______% red

______% pink

______% white

52.Sample Blood Type (Multiple Allele/ co-dominant) Question: Mr. Jones has blood type A and Mrs. Jones has blood type AB. What is the probability that they will have a child with blood type A if both of Mr. Jones’s parents were AB?

Mr. Jones: IAIA

Mrs. Jones: IAIB

______% chance of a child with Type A blood

  1. Is it possible for a male with A blood type to have a child with a female B blood type who is O? Explain.

53.Why are males more likely to express a sex liked trait?

54.Sample Sex-linked trait Question: Color blindness is a sex-linked recessive trait. A mother with normal color vision and a color blind father have a color blind daughter. Which of the following statements is correct?

  1. All of their daughters will be color blind.
  2. The mother is a carrier of the color blindness gene.
  3. All of their sons will have normal color vision.
  4. All of their sons will be color blind.

55.In a pedigree, an open circle indicates:______and a solid square indicates: ______

56.Answer the following:

I 1 2

II 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

III 1 2 3 4 5

  1. What is the genotype of individual I-1?
  1. What is the genotype of II-4?
  1. If someone with the genotype similar to II-7 had children with someone with the same genotype as III-3, what are the chances that their childen will be affected?

______x _____

______% chance of being affected

Chapter 1 – The Science of Biology

57.List 8 characteristics of living things:

58.What is homeostasis?

Chapter 8 & 9 – Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

59.What is the formula for photosynthesis?

Equation:

Word description of equation:

60.What are the reactants and products?

Reactants (in):

Products (out):

61.Write the formula for cellular respiration:

Equation:

Word description of equation:

62.What are the reactants and what are the products of cellular respiration?

Reactants(in):

Products (out):

63.Cellular Respiration occurs in (Plants / Animals / Both)?

64.Photosynthesis occurs in (Plants / Animals / Both)?

65.What factors affect the rate of photosynthesis?

Chapter 15 - Evolution

66.Define natural selection.

67.Describe co-evolution and give an example.

68.Describe Charles Darwin’s theory of natural selection:

Chapter 18 - Classification

69.Originally, how many kingdoms were there? Why?

70.List the 7 levels of classification from largest to smallest.

K

P

C

O

F

G

S

71.What is binomial nomenclature?

72.Circle each of the following as prokaryotic or eukaryotic AND as autotrophic or heterotrophic AND as unicellular or multicellular.

  1. Bacteria – pro / euauto / heterouni / multi
  1. Protists – pro / euauto / heterouni / multi
  1. Plants – pro / euauto / heterouni / multi
  1. Animals – pro / euauto / heterouni / multi

73.Identify each organism below:

Use the diagram to the right to help you answer questions 74-76

74.Which would be the most primitive organism?

75.Circle 2 organisms that would have the most similar DNA.

76.Why did you choose those 2 organisms (question 74)?

77.Are viruses living or nonliving? Explain.

78.Compare and Contrast Viruses and bacteria in regard to their structure.

Bacteria:

Viruses:

BOTH:

Chapter 22 Plants

79.List the parts of a plant and their function

  1. Leaf
  2. Stem
  3. Roots

80.What do xylem and phloem carry?

  1. Xylem
  2. Phloem

81.Describe transpiration and how does it help the plant maintain homeostasis?

82.What is a vascular system?

83.Identify how each types of plants reproduce:

  1. Angiosperm
  2. Gymnosperm
  3. Ferns
  4. Mosses

84.Describe the following plant responses and what part of the plant is responding:

  1. Phototropism
  2. Thigmotropism
  3. Geotropism/gravitropism

Chapter 3 & 4 – Ecosystems

85.What are some adaptations that allow animals to survive on land? (as compared to water)

86.What are some adaptations that allow plants to survive on land? (as compared to water)

87.Explain the difference between biotic and abiotic factors.

Biotic –

Abiotic –

88.Define these types of relationships (symbiosis).Also use (+,-,0 ) to indicate the relationships

  1. mutualism –
  1. commensalism –
  2. parasitism –
  1. predator/prey –
  1. competition –

89.What is carrying capacity?

90.How does photosynthesis relate to energy getting into ecosystems?

91.What role do decomposers play in the environment?

92.What is a trophic level?

93.What is a food chain?

94.What is a food web?

95.What is the ultimate source of energy for this food web?

96.What are the producers in this food web?

97.What are the primary consumers (herbivores) in this food web?

98.What are the secondary consumers in this food web?

99.What are the highest level consumers in this food web?

100.Create an energy pyramid from the food chain: leaves → insects → birds → red fox → bear

101.Where is the most energy in this pyramid? Where is the least energy?

At the bottom –

At the top -

102.What happens to energy as it moves through the food chain/web?

103.Assume there are 10,000 kilocalories of energy in the leaves. Estimatethe amount of energy in each of the other levels of the energy pyramid.

Bear – _____ kilocalorie

Red fox – ____kilocalories

Birds – _____kilocalories

Insects – _____ kilocalories

Leaves – ______kilocalories

104.What happens to matter as it moves through the food chain/web? (example: carbon, nitrogen, water..)

Body systems Interactions

105.Identify the function and organs in each body system

Body system / Function / Indicate if it is used in Regulate, reproduction, defense, absorption / Organs
Integumentary system
Immune system
Digestive system
Circulatory system
Respiratory system
Endocrine system
Excretory system
Nervous system
Muscular/ skeletal system

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