Biology Chapter 5 (Due on Nov

Biology Chapter 5 (Due on Nov. 21, Test Nov. 22)

Multiple Choice

Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____1.One of the main characteristics of a population is its

a. / change over time.
b. / geographic range.
c. / dynamics.
d. / habitat.

____2.There are 150 Saguaro cactus plants per square kilometer in a certain area of Arizona desert. To which population characteristic does this information refer?

a. / growth rate
b. / geographic range
c. / age structure
d. / population density

____3.What does the range of a population tell you that density does not?

a. / the number that live in an area
b. / the areas inhabited by a population
c. / the births per unit area
d. / the deaths per unit area

____4.A small farming community in Texas covers 14 square kilometers. There are 420 individuals who live within the town limits. What is the population density of this community?

a. / 0.03 individuals per square kilometer
b. / 53 individuals per square kilometer
c. / 30 individuals per square kilometer
d. / 10.24 individuals per square kilometer

____5.Which of the following tells you population density?

a. / the number of births per year
b. / the number of frogs in a pond
c. / the number of deaths per year
d. / the number of bacteria per square millimeter

____6.Which of the following is NOT one of the factors that play a role in population growth rate?

a. / immigration
b. / death rate
c. / emigration
d. / demography

____7.The movement of organisms into a range is called

a. / immigration.
b. / emigration.
c. / population shift.
d. / carrying capacity.

____8.Which of the following describes a population as its size decreases?

a. / The birthrate and the death rate remain the same.
b. / The death rate becomes lower than the birthrate.
c. / The death rate stays the same and the birthrate increases.
d. / The death rate becomes higher than the birthrate.

____9.If immigration and emigration numbers remain equal, which is the most important contributing factor to a slowed growth rate?

a. / increased birthrate
b. / constant death rate
c. / decreased birthrate
d. / constant birthrate

____10.Which are two ways a population can decrease in size?

a. / immigration and emigration
b. / increased death rate and immigration
c. / decreased birthrate and emigration
d. / emigration and increased birthrate

Figure 5–1

____11.The graph in Figure 5–1 shows the growth of a bacterial population. Which of the following correctly describes the growth curve?

a. / logistic
b. / limiting
c. / demographic
d. / exponential

____12.Suppose that a species of toads is introduced into a new environment in an attempt to reduce the population of insects. The toad has no natural predators in the new environment. The toad population would most likely

a. / increase exponentially.
b. / increase logistically.
c. / decrease rapidly and die out.
d. / remain the same.

____13.Which of the following graphs is a graph showing exponential growth?

a. /
b. /
c. /
d. /

____14.During some kinds of population growth, the size of each generation of offspring is larger than the generation before it. So, as the population gets larger, it grows more quickly. This situation is called

a. / logistic growth.
b. / growth density.
c. / exponential growth.
d. / multiple growth.

____15.Which factor might NOT contribute to an exponential growth rate in a given population?

a. / lower death rates
b. / higher birthrates
c. / less competition
d. / reduced resources

____16.The various growth phases through which most populations go are represented on

a. / a logistic growth curve.
b. / an exponential growth curve.
c. / a normal curve.
d. / a population curve.

____17.As resources in a population become less available, the population

a. / declines rapidly.
b. / increases slowly.
c. / reaches carrying capacity.
d. / enters a phase of exponential growth.

____18.In a logistic growth curve, exponential growth is the phase in which the population

a. / reaches carrying capacity.
b. / grows quickly.
c. / growth begins to slow down.
d. / growth stops.

____19.When the exponential phase of a logistic growth curve of a population ceases,

a. / the size of the population drops.
b. / the size of the population stays the same.
c. / population growth begins to slow down.
d. / population growth begins to speed up.

____20.How are Phase 1 and Phase 2 of logistic growth similar?

a. / A population is increasing, moving toward its carrying capacity during both phases.
b. / A population is at its carrying capacity during both phases.
c. / The death rate is higher than the birth rate during both phases.
d. / The emigration rate is higher than the immigration rate during both phases.

____21.Something that controls the growth or size of a population is a

a. / carrying capacity.
b. / limiting nutrient.
c. / limiting factor.
d. / growth factor.

____22.Sea otters live in the ocean. Which of the following is NOT likely to be a limiting factor on the sea otter population?

a. / disease
b. / competition
c. / drought
d. / predation

____23.Which will reduce competition within a species’ population?

a. / fewer individuals
b. / higher birthrate
c. / fewer resources
d. / higher population density

____24.If a population grows larger than the carrying capacity of the environment, the

a. / death rate may rise.
b. / birthrate may rise.
c. / death rate must fall.
d. / birthrate must fall.

____25.Water lilies do not grow in desert sand because water availability to these plants in a desert is

a. / a limiting factor.
b. / the carrying capacity.
c. / a competition factor.
d. / the logistic growth curve.

Figure 5–2

____26.Using Figure 5–2, what is the most likely cause of the decrease in moose population immediately after 1995?

a. / Poisonous plants killed off many moose.
b. / Many moose reached old age and died.
c. / Overcrowding caused competition in the moose population.
d. / A decrease in predators caused competition in the moose population.

____27.Each of the following is a density-dependent limiting factor EXCEPT

a. / competition.
b. / temperature.
c. / crowding.
d. / disease.

____28.Which would be least likely to be affected by a density-dependent limiting factor?

a. / a small, scattered population
b. / a population with a high birthrate
c. / a large, dense population
d. / a population with a high immigration rate

____29.Which density-dependent factors other than the predator/prey relationship affected the populations of moose and wolves on Isle Royale?

a. / extreme temperatures for the moose and flooding for the wolves
b. / parasitic wasps for the wolves and clear-cut forest for the moose
c. / a hurricane followed by drought for both moose and wolves
d. / food availability for the moose and disease for the wolf

____30.A disease resulting in the deaths of one third of a dense population of bats in a cave would be a

a. / density-dependent limiting factor.
b. / result of exponential growth.
c. / density-independent limiting factor.
d. / nutrient-limiting factor.

____31.Which of the following is a density-independent limiting factor?

a. / earthquake
b. / disease
c. / emigration
d. / parasitism

____32.Which of the following is a density-independent limiting factor?

a. / a struggle for food, water, space, or sunlight
b. / predator/prey relationships
c. / the eruption of a volcano
d. / parasitism and disease

____33.After a natural disaster such as a hurricane or a drought, a population

a. / can thrive and increase.
b. / can be mostly killed off.
c. / will experience exponential growth.
d. / will reach its carrying capacity.

Figure 5–3

____34.The graph in Figure 5–3 shows the changes in a mosquito population. What caused the changes seen in the graph?

a. / a reduction in resources
b. / a increase in predation.
c. / a density-independent limiting factor
d. / a density-dependent limiting factor

____35.It is difficult to observe examples of completely density-independent limiting factors because density-independent limiting factors

a. / strike only dense populations.
b. / often have a greater effect on denser populations.
c. / usually do not have any effect on populations.
d. / usually affect only a small part of a habitat.

____36.Demography is the scientific study of

a. / parasitism and disease.
b. / modernized countries.
c. / human populations.
d. / none of the above

____37.Demographic transition is change from high birthrates and high death rates to

a. / exponential growth.
b. / low birthrates and low death rates.
c. / low birthrates and high death rates.
d. / indefinite growth.

____38.About 500 years ago, the world’s population started

a. / decreasing.
b. / to reach carrying capacity.
c. / growing more rapidly.
d. / to level off.

____39.Countries in the first stage of demographic transition have

a. / a high death rate and a high birthrate.
b. / a high death rate and a low birthrate.
c. / a slowly growing population.
d. / more old people than young people.

____40.The human population experienced exponential growth after

a. / agriculture began.
b. / plowing and irrigation began.
c. / the bubonic plague began.
d. / the Industrial Revolution began.

____41.The anticipated human population by the year 2050 is about

a. / 7.8 billion.
b. / 9 billion.
c. / 9 trillion.
d. / 78 billion.

____42.In Rwanda, there are more young children than teenagers, and more teenagers than adults. This age structure indicates a population that

a. / has stopped growing.
b. / will double in 30 years.
c. / has a steady growth rate.
d. / will decrease in 30 years.

____43.In countries like India, the human population is growing

a. / exponentially.
b. / transitionally.
c. / logistically.
d. / demographically.

____44.Most of the worldwide human population is growing exponentially because

a. / human populations have not reached their exponential curve.
b. / most countries have not yet completed the demographic transition.
c. / human populations do not conform to the logistic model.
d. / the food supply is limitless.

____45.The human population in Canada contains almost equal numbers of people in each age group. This means that the population in Canada will

a. / double in 30 years.
b. / grow slowly but steadily.
c. / decrease exponentially.
d. / decrease to its carrying capacity.

Modified True/False

Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the statement true.

____46.The number of individuals per unit area is a population’s growth rate. ______

____47.If the death rate of a population is greater than the birthrate, the population decreases. ______

____48.There are about four million births per year in the United States. This statistic is a population dynamic called growth rate. ______

____49.When you graph a population’s exponential growth over time, you will have an S-shaped graph. ______

____50.Logistic growth occurs when a population’s growth slows or stops, following a period of rapid growth. ______

____51.The exponential model of population growth accounts for the influence of carrying capacity. ______

____52.One of the best-known mechanisms of population control is the parasite-host relationship. ______

____53.Predators can limit the size of populations by weakening their hosts, resulting in disease or death. ______

____54.Resource shortages triggered by increasing population size are density-independent limiting factors. ______

____55.Some human activities, such as damming rivers, are density-independent limiting factors. ______

____56.Density-dependent limiting factors affect all populations, whether the population size is two or two hundred. ______

____57.The size of the human population tends to increase with time. ______

____58.The human population grew slowly from the beginning of human existence, and then began to grow exponentially during the second half of the twentieth century. ______

____59.The population of a country whose age structure has many more children than people over 40 years of age will probably decrease rapidly in the future. ______

____60.An indication that a country has completed the demographic transition is a low birthrate and a low death rate. ______

Completion

Complete each statement.

61.Asian elephants are found in India, Cambodia, Thailand, Vietnam, and Laos; this information describes the ______of the Asian elephant population.

62.The number of males and females of each age in a population is the population’s ______.

63.Emigration can cause a population to ______in size.

64.When an individual moves into one population from a different population, it is called ______.

65.Under ideal conditions with unlimited resources, a population will grow ______.

66.A population of bacteria with an unlimited supply of nutrients will eventually show ______growth.

67.Zero population growth is a characteristic of ______population growth.

68.If an entire wolf population dies, the moose population on which it preys will grow to the environment’s ______.

69.Without any limiting factors, a population may grow ______.

70.Competition, predators, herbivores, parasitism, and overcrowding are density-______limiting factors.

71.The rise-and-fall cycle of a predator-prey relationship is a density-______relationship.

72.Unusual weather and natural disasters are examples of density-______limiting factors.

73.The change in growth rate that results from the change in birthrates and death rates is known as a ______.

74.During early human history, the growth rate was low because the birthrate was high and the death rate was ______.

75.Scientists who study human populations and predict the growth rate of the world and of individual countries study the science of ______.