Objectives to be covered on Biology Test: Chapters 11, 12, and genetic diseases (13)
I. Chapter 11
1. Name the nitrogenous base of pairs of DNA and RNA.
2. List the base pairing rules for DNA and RNA.
3. Explain the 3 differences between DNA and RNA.
4. Name the 3 different kinds of RNA.
5. Explain how nucleotides of DNA and RNA bond to each other to form the backbone.
6. Explain how nucleotides of DNA and RNA bond to each other by their nitrogenous bases.
7. Describe where translation and transcription take place.
8. Name the elements needed to complete transcription.
9. Name the elements needed to complete translation.
10. Recall the sequence of events of transcription and translation from start to finish.
11. Explain the product(s) of transcription and translation.
12. Contrast replication (Sec 11.1) from transcription and translation (Sec 11.2).
13. Define mutation
14. Distinguish a point mutation from a frameshift mutation.
15. Describe the results of point mutations and frameshift mutations.
16. Distinguish the 4 kinds of chromosome alterations (additions, deletions, inversions, and translocations)
II. Chapter 12
1. Interpret a pedigree
2. Identify human genetic disorders caused by inherited recessive alleles.
3. Predict how a human trait can be determined by a simple dominant allele.
4. Distinguish between alleles for incomplete dominance and codominance.
5. Explain the patterns of multiple allelic and polygenetic inheritance.
6. Analyze the pattern of sex-linked inheritance.
III. Genetic Diseases – covered in group format, answers span multiple chapters 10-14+
1. List the main problem(s) those affected with the disease face
2. Name the genetic cause of each disease
(i.e. autosomal recessive/dominant, sex-linked recessive/dominant, mutated gene, non-disjunction in meiosis)
3. Explain if the disease is common to a specific a sex or a specific people group
Biology - Chapter 11 Assessment pg 306-307 #1-13, 20-24
1. transcription – the making of mRNA from DNA, translation – making a protein from mRNA
2. point mutation – a single base pair change of DNA, frameshift mutation – a single base pair is added or deleted shifting the reading frame of the ribosome by one base
3. tRNA – brings amino acids to the ribosome to be assembled into a protein, mRNA – brings the instructions from DNA to the ribosome
4. mutation – a change in DNA sequence (1 nucleotide or many nucleotides), mutagen – anything that causes a mutation
5. nitrogenous base – a carbon and nitrogen ring structure which makes part of a nucleotide, codon – a set of 3 nitrogenous bases that codes from a particular amino acid
6. C
7. B
8. A
9. D
10. C
11. D
12. A
13. A
20. D
21. C
22. A
23. C
24. C