Biology 2122 – Objectives/Review – Immunity (Chapter 21)

Vocabulary: Innate; pathogen; lysozyme; monocyte; neutrophil; eosinophil; opsonization; vasodilation; vasoconstriction; histamine; cytokines; exudate; margination; diapedesis; chemotaxis; interferon; pyrogens; humoral immunity; cell-mediated immunity; antigens; antibody; MHC; plasma cell; passive humoral immunity; vaccine; active humoral immunity; agglutination; monoclonal antibody; interleukin; autoimmunity; hypersensitivity.

Objectives:

  1. Distinguish between an innate and adaptive immune response.
  2. Know examples of the first and second line of a nonspecific immune response.
  3. Know examples of how the skin plays an important role in the nonspecific immune response.
  4. Know how phagocytes destroy certain organisms like bacteria. Know the process.
  5. Know the role of the natural killer cells in the non-specific immune response.
  6. Know the steps that occur during inflammation.
  • Vasodilation
  • Capillary permeability
  • Hyperemia
  • Exudate formation
  • Role of neutrophils, monocytes and lymphocytes
  • Role of inflammatory chemicals like histamine, cytokines, etc.
  1. Know the purpose or function of inflammation.
  2. Know how phagocytes move from the blood into the injured tissues. Steps involved.
  • Leukocytosis
  • Margination
  • Diapedesis
  • Chemotaxis
  1. Know the role of interferons in the non-specific immune response.
  2. Know the function and process of the complement protein system (concerning its role in the nonspecific immune response)
  3. Know how a fever is produced and how it is involved in the immune response.
  4. Know the general functions of the adaptive immune system.
  5. Compare Humoral immunity to Cell-Mediated Immunity.
  6. Know examples of antigens.
  7. Distinguish between a complete and incomplete antigen. Give examples.
  8. Define antigenic determinant.
  9. Distinguish between the two types of MHC proteins and the cells they are associated with.
  10. Know how lymphocytes become immunocompetent and self-tolerant.
  11. Know where lymphocytes originally develop and mature.
  • Bone marrow, Thymus
  1. Distinguish between negative and positive selection of lymphocytes.
  2. Know examples of lymphocytes.
  3. Know the role of an Antigen Presenting Cell in the immune response.
  • Know examples of APCs
  1. Know the process of B-Cell clonal selection.
  2. Know the function and role of plasma cells and memory B-Cells.
  3. Distinguish between a primary and secondary immune response.
  4. Distinguish between active and passive humoral immunity.
  5. Know how vaccines work.
  6. Know the structure of an antibody.
  7. Distinguish between the 5-types of antibodies.
  8. Know the limiting characteristics of an antibody.
  9. Know how antibodies affect antigens
  • Neutralization; agglutination; precipitation
  • Enhancements: phagocytosis, inflammation and cell lysis
  • Role of the Complement system and lysis of cells.
  1. Know the location and how T-Cells form and mature. Also how they mature into different types of T-Cells.
  2. Know how T-Cells are activated.
  3. Distinguish between exogenous and endogenous antigen processing.
  4. Know the role of cytokines (Interleukins) in cellular immunity.
  5. Know the specific roles of the following T-Cells:
  • Helper; Cytotoxic; Regulatory, etc.
  1. Know the causes and general characteristics of the following disorders:
  • SCID; AIDS; MS; Graves’; Lupus; RA; Diabetes (Type I)