Biology 2121 – Introduction to Inorganic and Organic Chemistry
Vocabulary: atom; element; proton; neutron; electron; atomic number; valence electron; compound; molecule; isotope; radioisotope; mixture; solvent; solute; mole and molarity; suspension; homogeneous; heterogeneous; ionic; ion; cation; anion; covalent; polar; nonpolar; electronegativity; electrostatic attraction; electrolyte; acid; base; pH; monosaccharide; disaccharide; polysaccharide; polymer; monomer; lipid; fatty acid; peptide bond; ester bond; denaturation; enzyme; nucleotide; buffer
Review/Important Topics
- Distinguish between kinetic and potential energy.
- Know the four forms of energy and examples of each.
- Know the structure of a neutral atom
- Know the atomic mass units, location and charges of protons, electrons and neutrons
- Know how ions are formed
- Know the locations of metals and nonmetals on periodic table
- Be able to locate the atomic number on a periodic table and be able to determine the number of valance electrons of an atom.
- Know the significance of the mass number of an atom.
- Compare to the atomic weight of an atom
- Know how isotopes differ from other atoms.
- Know that atoms form elements and elements form compounds.
- Distinguish between a chemical change and a physical change.
- Know the following about mixtures.
- Solvent vs. solute
- True solutions (aqueous solutions)
- Molarity and % concentration of a solution
- Homogeneous vs. heterogeneous solutions
- Examples: colloids, suspensions
- Distinguish between an ionic bond and covalent bond.
- Know the following about ionic bonds.
- Formation of cations and anions
- Metals lose electrons to nonmetals
- Formation via electrostatic attraction
- Formation of salts; crystal compounds
- Importance of ionic compounds and salts in the human body
- Know the following about covalent bonds.
- Sharing of electrons
- Polar vs. nonpolar covalent bonds and examples
- Water – Universal solvent due to polarity
- Formation of molecules – Important molecules in the body
- Know the following concerning hydrogen bonds
- Know how hydrogen bonds form
- Significance in the human body (DNA)
- Know the four types of chemical reactions.
- Know the four factors that influence a chemical reaction.
- Distinguish between acids and bases
- Know the following about acids.
- Know the two definitions of acids
- Know that strong acids dissociate 100% of their hydrogen ions
- Importance of acids in the body – digestion, etc.
- Know the following about bases
- Know the two definitions of bases
- Know examples of important bases in the body – ammonia, bicarbonate, etc.
- Know the following about pH
- Know the pH ranges and values
- Associate values with acids, bases, neutral substances
- Know what happens in a neutralization reaction.
- Distinguish between an inorganic and organic compound.
- Know the following about carbohydrates
- Know the monomers of carbohydrates
- Know the basic characteristics of carbohydrates; structure; functions
- Know examples of 6-carbon and 5-carbon monosaccharides.
- Know how disaccharides are formed and know the monosaccharides that make up each of the three disaccharides.
- Know how polysaccharides are formed (starches) and know examples of starches.
- Know the following about lipids
- Know how lipids are formed
- Know the type of bonding in proteins
- Know basic characteristics of lipids; structure; functions
- Know examples of lipids
- Know characteristics and examples of the following lipids
- Triglycerides; phospholipids; steroids
- Know the following about proteins
- Know the monomers of proteins
- Know the type of bonding in proteins
- Distinguish between a primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure
- Distinguish between fibrous and globular proteins; give examples
- Know that enzymes are proteins; know the parts of an enzyme; know the function of enzymes.
- Know causes of protein denaturation.