Biology 101 Study Guide -Test #2 Chapters 5-7Dr. Sriyani Rajapakse

Bio 101 Test 2 Study Guidefor Test 2

Test 2 will cover Chapters 5-7

Test Format: Multiple choice, matching, true/false, label parts of diagrams

For each chapter:

  • Read “Reviewing the concepts”
  • Do “Connecting the concepts”
  • Try to answer as many questions as you can in “Testing your knowledge”

Chapter 5: The Working cell

  • 5.1What is cell membrane made out of? Draw a diagram of a cell membrane yourself. Name threedifferent molecules that you can find in an animal cell membrane
  • 5.1Why is cell membrane described as a fluid mosaic?
  • 5.1How is an animal cell membrane similar and different from a plant cell membrane?
  • 5.1What are the functions of the proteins embedded in the cell membrane? List six functions.
  • 5.1Why is cell membrane called selectively-permeable?
  • 5.1What molecules are allowed to pass cell membrane freely? Which ones are not?
  • 5.2How does cell membrane show unity of different kinds of life forms?
  • 5.3-5.7Know how particles and water cross the cell membrane.
  • 5.3What is passive transport? What is active transport? What are the three methods of passive transport
  • 5.3Know the transport water across the cell membrane.
  • 5.4Know the isotonic, hypertonic and hypotonic solutions. What happens to an animal cell in each solution? What happens to a plant cell in each solution? Learn the meaning of the terms turgid and plasmolysis. Learn practical applications of these three types of solutions
  • 5.4What would happen if a patient in critical condition was given water, instead of salinethrough an IV?
  • 5.4What would happen if a fresh water fish is put in the ocean? And a marine organism in fresh water?
  • 5.7What are aquaporins? Why are they necessary?
  • 5.9What is exocytosis? Give an example.
  • 5.9How do cells take in large molecules? Which one is called “cell-drinking”, which one “cell-eating”? Give an example of each kind
  • 5.9How do some white blood cells take in and destroy pathogenic bacteria?
  • 5.9How do human cells take in cholesterol present in blood into cells?
  • 5.10Define energy: Know the kinetic energy vs. potential energy. What kind of energy is present in organic molecules? Sun light? Water wheel?
  • 5.10Know the first two laws of thermodynamics.
  • 5.11What are exergonic reactions and endergonic reactions? Give one example for each type.
  • 5.12Learn Fig; 5.12C well. ATP hydrolysis and phosphorylation
  • 5.13Enzymes: What are enzymes and how do they catalyze reactions?
  • 5.14What factors influence enzymes?
  • 5.14What are cofactors and coenzymes? How do they help you?
  • 5.15What is an active site? Allosteric site?
  • 5.15What are the two kinds of enzyme inhibitors? How are they different?
  • 5.15Explain how feedback inhibition works
  • 5.16Name 3 enzyme inhibitors in practical use

Chapter 6: How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy

  • 6.1Compare cellular respiration and photosynthesis. Which organisms carry out these respiration? Photosynthesis?
  • 6.1Where in the cell these two processes take place. Explain why it is accurate to say that life on Earth is solar-powered.
  • 6.2Explain how breathing and cellular respiration are related, but different.
  • 6.3Provide the overall chemical equation for cellular respiration. Compare the efficiency of
  • this process in cells to the efficiency of a gasoline automobile engine.
  • 6.4Explain how the human body uses its daily supply of ATP.
  • 6.5Explain how the energy in a glucose molecule is released during cellular respiration.
  • 6.5Know the three stages of cellular respiration: (Glycolysis, The citric acid cycle and electron transport chain). Which one generates most energy in respiration? Which one takes place in the cytoplasm? Which one takes place in mitochondria?
  • 6.5What is the role of electron carriers (like NADH2) in cellular respiration
  • 6.6List the cellular regions where glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative
  • phosphorylation occur.
  • 6.7–6.12 Compare the reactants, products, and energy yield of the three stages of cellular

respiration.

  • 6.11Explain how rotenone, cyanide, carbon monoxide, oligomycin, and uncouplers interrupt
  • critical events in cellular respiration.
  • 6.13What is fermentation? Explain what fermentation is. How is fermentation different from respiration? How is it similar to respiration?
  • 6.13What are the two main types of fermentation? Compare the reactants, products, and energy yield of alcohol and lactic acid fermentation. Distinguish between strict anaerobes and facultative anaerobes.
  • 6.14Describe the evolutionary history of glycolysis.
  • 6.15Explain how carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are used as fuel for cellular respiration.
  • Explain why a gram of fat yields more ATP than a gram of starch or protein.
  • 6.16Explain how nutrients are used in biosynthesis.

Chapter 7: Photosynthesis

  • What are Autotrophs? Photoautotrophs? Give examples. What is the name given to bacteria that can photosynthesize?
  • Know the location and the structure of the chloroplast in a leaf. What is the difference between chloroplast and chlorophyll?
  • Know the equation for photosynthesis. Know what the reactants and products. Learn where C, H and 0 atoms come from and where they go (eg; Where does the O atoms in 02 released from photosynthesis come from?)
  • Know the two parts of photosynthesis: Light reactions and Calvin cycle. Where do they take place in a plant cell?
  • What is happening in light reaction? Where does light energy come from and in which form? What is the name given to little packets of light? What is visible light? What molecules in a chloroplast absorb light? Why do plant leaves look green?
  • What is Calvin cycle? Who discovered this? What are the inputs and products? Name two things that are needed for Calvin cycle that are provided by the light reaction
  • How does photosynthesis relate to respiration? Compare photosynthesis to respiration. One makes sugars, the other breaks down sugars, one is exogonic, the other is endergonic. Both involve electron carriers and redox (reduction/oxidation) reactions.
  • What is Global warming: How does it happen? What actions of mankind are responsible for global warming? What are the consequences of global warming?
  • Explain Greenhouse effect and greenhouse gases
  • What is ozone (O3)? How do ozone molecules form from O2? What is the benefit of the ozone layer? How is the ozone layer damaged? What are the consequences of a damaged ozone layer? What can we (as consumers, voters, legislators and business owners) do to reverse or slow down the degradation of the ozone layer?
  • Be able to label the diagrams related to photosynthesis, like the one in Fig. 7.5
  • Be able to draw a chloroplast and label the parts.

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