Course Schedule

Biological Principles of Environmental Engineering 一Spring 2012

Instructors: Michi Fukushima，Liang-Ming (Langmuir) Whang

Text Book: Environmental Biotechnology – Principles and Applications by Rittmann, B. E. and McCarty, P. L. (2001).

Dates / Topics / Readings
Feb.20–March.5 (LMW/MF) / Basics of Microbiology / EB Ch.1
Mar. 9–Mar. 19 (LMW) / Microbial Energetics and Stoichiometry / EB Ch.1, 2 (p.51-88 and p.126-159)
Mar. 22–Apr. 9 (LMW) / Microbial Growth Kinetics / EB Ch.3
First Exam / EB Ch. 1,2
Apr. 12–Apr.30 (LMW) / Activated Sludge Process / EB Ch. 6
May 3–May7 (LMW) / Biological Nitrogen Removal – Nitrification and Denitrification / EB Ch. 9, 10
May 10–May 14 (LMW) / Biological Phosphorus Removal / EB Ch.11
Second Exam / EB Ch. 3, 6, 9, 10, 11
May 17– May 28 (LMW) / Anaerobic Treatment and Methanogenesis / EB Ch.13
May. 31– Jun. 4 (LMW) / Detoxification of Hazardous Chemicals / EB Ch. 14
Jun. 7– Jun. 15 (LMW) / Bioremediation / EB Ch. 15
Third Exam / EB Ch. 13, 14, and 15

Reference Texts:

  1. Wastewater Engineering – Treatment and Reuse by Metcalf & Eddy, 4th Ed., 2003.
  2. Brock Biology of Microorganisms by Madigan, Martinko, and Parker, 10th Ed., 2002.
  3. Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry by Nelson and Cox, 3rd Ed., 2000.
  4. Biochemical Engineering Fundamentals by Bailey and Ollis, 2nd Ed., 1986

Grading:

Exams 1, 2, 3 / 80%
Term Paper / 15%
Participation / 5%

AEESP Outstanding Publication Award

This award is given annually to recognize the author(s) of a “landmark environmental engineering and science paper that has withstood the test of time and significantly influenced the practice of environmental engineering and science.”

Previous Recipients of the AEESP Outstanding Publication Award

Year / Paper
1983 / Stumm, W. and Morgan, J.J., "Chemical Aspects of Coagulation", J. Amer. Water Works Assn., 54, 8, 971-992 (August, 1962).
1984 / Stumm, W. and O'Melia, C.R., "Stoichiometry of Coagulation", J. Amer. Water Works Assn., 60, 5, 514-539 (May, 1968).
1985 / McCarty, P.L. and Lawrence, A.W., "Unified Basis for Biological Treatment Design and Operation", J. San. Engrg. Div., ASCE, 96, SA3, 757-78 (June, 1970).
1986 / Dick, R.I., "Role of Activated Sludge Final Settling Tanks", J. San. Engrg. Div., ASCE, 96, SA2, 423-436 (April, 1970).
1987 / Dick, R.I. and Ewing, B.B., "Evaluation of Activated Sludge Thickening Theories", J. San. Engrg. Div., ASCE, 93, SA4, 9-29 (August, 1967).
1988 / McCarty, P.L., "Anaerobic Waste Treatment Fundamentals", Public Works, 95, 9, 107-112; 10, 123-126; 11, 91-94; 12, 95-99 (September-December, 1964).
1989 / Weber, W.J., Jr. and J.C. Morris, "Kinetics of Adsorption on Carbon from Solution," and "Equilibria and Capacities for Adsorption on Carbon," J. San. Engrg. Div., ASCE, April 1963 and June 1964.
1990 / O'Connor, D.J., "Oxygen Balance of an Estuary," Jour. San. Engrg. Div., ASCE, 86, SA3, 35-55 (May, 1960).
1991 / Yao, K.-M., M.T. Habibian, and C.R. O'Melia, "Water and Waste Water Filtration: Concepts and Applications," Environ. Sci. Technol., 5 (11), 1105, Nov., 1971.
1992 / Argaman, Y. and W. J. Kaufman, "Turbulence and Flocculation", J. San. Engr. Div., ASCE, 96, SA2, 223-241, April, 1970.
1993 / Stevens, A.A. and J.M. Symons, "Measurement of Trihalomethane and Precursor Concentration Changes", J. Amer. Water Works Assn., 69:10:546, 1977.
1994 / Morel, F.M.M. and J.J. Morgan, "A Numerical Method for Computing Equilibria in Aqueous Chemical Systems," Environ. Sci. Technol., 6:58-67, 1972.
1995 / Sezgin, M., D. Jenkins, and D.S. Parker, "A Unified Theory of Filamentous Activated Sludge Bulking," J. Water Poll. Con. Fed., 50, 2, 362-382, 1978.
1996 / Rajagopalan, R. and C. Tien, "Trajectory Analysis of Deep-Bed Filtration with the Sphere-in-cell Porous Media Model," AIChE Journal, 22, 523-533, 1976.
1997 / Amirtharajah, A. and K.M. Mills, "Rapid-Mix Design for Mechanisms of Alum Coagulation," Journal Amer. Water Works Assn., 74 (4) 210-216, 1982.
1998 / Bouwer, E.J. and P. McCarty, "Removal of trace chlorinated organic compounds by activated carbon and fixed-film bacteria," Environ. Sci. Technol., 16 (836-843) 1982.
1999 / Chiou, C. T., Peters L.J., and V.H. Freed, "A Physical Concept of Soil-Water Equilibria for Non-Ionic Compounds," Science (206)16 831-832, 1979.
1999 / G. Sposito, "The Operational Definition of the Zero Point of Charge in Soils," Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., V. 45, 292, 1981.
2000 / Crittenden, J.C., Hand, D.W., Arora, H., and B.W. Lykins, Jr., "Design Considerations for GAC Treatment of Organic Chemicals," J. Amer. Water Works Assn. 79 (1) 74-82, 1987.
2001 / Thackston, E.L. and P.A. Krenkel, "Reaeration Prediction in Natural Streams," J. Sanit. Engrg. Div., ASCE, 95(1):65-93, 1969.
2002 / Elimelech, M., and C.R. O'Melia, "Kinetics of deposition of colloidal particles in porous media," Environ. Sci. Technol. 24:1528-1536, 1990.
2003 / Williamson, K.J. and P.L. McCarty, "A Model of Substrate Utilization by Bacterial Films," J. Water Poll. Control Fed., 48:9-24, 1976.
2004 / Edzwald, J.K., Becker, W.C., and Wattier, K.L., "Surrogate Parameters for Monitoring Organic Matter and THM Precursors," J. Amer. Water Works Assn. 77(4):122-132, 1985.
2005 / Han, M. and D.F. Lawler, "The (Relative) Insignificance of G in Flocculation," J. Amer. Water Works Assn., 84(10):79-91, 1992.
2006 / Ball, W.P. and Roberts P.V., "Long-Term Sorption of Halogenated Organic Chemicals by Aquifer Material. 2. Intraparticle Diffusion," Environ. Sci. Technol., 25(7):1237-1249, 1991.
2007 / Hayes, K. F., A. L. Roe, G. E. Brown Jr., K. O. Hodgson, J. O. Leckie and G. A. Parks. "In situ x-ray absorption study of surface complexes: selenium oxyanions on a-FeOOH". Science. 238:783-786 (1987).
2008 / Freedman, D.L. and Gossett, J.M. "Biological Reductive Dechlorination of Tetrachloroethylene and Trichloroethylene to Ethylene under Methanogenic Conditions", Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 55:2144-2151 (1989). 1991.
2009 / Dempsey, B.A., Ganho, R.M., and C.R. O'Melia. "IThe Coagulation of Humic Substances by Means of Aluminum Salts". Journal of the American Water Works Association. 76:141-150 (1984).
2010 / Carter, C.W. and I.H. Suffett. “Binding of DDT to Dissolved Humic Materials.” Environmental Science and Technology. 16:735-740 (1982).
2011 / Matheson, L.J. and P.G. Tratnyek. "Reductive dehalogenation of chlorinated methanes by iron metal" Environmental Science and Technology, 28:2045-2053, 1994.

Albertson, O. E. (1987). "The Control of Bulking Sludges: From the Early Innovators to Current Practice." J. Water Poll. Con. Fed., 59(44), 172-182.

Amirtharajah, A., and Mills, K. M. (1982). "Rapid-Mix Design for Mechanisms of Alum Coagulation." Journal Amer. Water Works Assn., 74(4), 210-216.

Angenent, L. T., Karim, K., Al-Dahhan, M. H., Wrenn, B. A., and Domíguez-Espinosa, R. (2004). "Production of bioenergy and biochemicals from industrial and agricultural wastewater " TRENDS in Biotechnology, 22(9), 477-485

Argaman, Y., and Kaufman, W. J. (1970). "Turbulence and Flocculation." J. San. Engr. Div., ASCE, 96(2), 223-241.

Bailey, and Ollis. (1986). Biochemical Engineering Fundamentals, 2nd Ed.

Ball, W. P., and P.V., R. (1991). "Long-Term Sorption of Halogenated Organic Chemicals by Aquifer Material. 2. Intraparticle Diffusion." Environ. Sci. Technol., 25(7), 1237-1249.

Balser, T. C., McMahon, K. D., Bart, D., Bronson, D., Coyle, D. R., Craig, N., Flores-Mangual, M. L., Forshay, K., Jones, S. E., Kent, A. E., and Shade, A. L. (2006). "Bridging the gap between micro - and macro-scale perspectives on the role of microbial communities in global change ecology " Plant and Soil, 289, 59-70.

Bouwer, E. J., and McCarty, P. (1982). "Removal of trace chlorinated organic compounds by activated carbon and fixed-film bacteria." Environ. Sci. Technol., 16, 836-843.

Briones, A., and Raskiny, L. (2003). "Diversity and Dynamics of Microbial Communities in Engineered Environments and Their Implications for Process Stability." Current Opinion in Biotechnology(14), 270–276.

Burkhead, C. E., and McKinney, R. E. (1969). "Energy concepts of aerobic microbial metabolism." Joural of the sanitary engineering division: proceedings of the American society of civil engineers, 253-268.

Chase, J. M. (2005). "Towards a Really Unified Theory for Metacommunities." Functional Ecology, 19, 182-186.

Chiou, C. T., L.J., P., and Freed, V. H. (1979). "A Physical Concept of Soil-Water Equilibria for Non-Ionic Compounds." Science, 206(16), 831-832.

Christensen, D. R., and McCarty, P. L. (1975). "Multi-process biological treatment model." J. Water Poll. Con. Fed., 47(11), 2652-2664.

Crittenden, J. C., Hand, D. W., Arora, H., and B.W. Lykins, J. (1987). "Design Considerations for GAC Treatment of Organic Chemicals." J. Amer. Water Works Assn., 79(1), 74-82.

Curtis, T. P., Head, I. M., and Graham, D. W. (2003). "Theoretical Ecology for Engineering Biology." Environ. Sci. Technol., 37(3), 64A-70A.

Dick, R. I. (1970). "Role of Activated Sludge Final Settling Tanks." J. San. Engrg. Div., ASCE, 96(2), 423-436.

Dick, R. I., and Ewing, B. B. (1967a). "Evaluation of Activated Sludge Thickening Theories." J. San. Engrg. Div., ASCE, 93(4), 9-29.

Dick, R. I., and Ewing, B. B. (1967b). "Evaluation of activated sludge thickening theories." Joural of the sanitary engineering division: proceedings of the American society of civil engineers, 9-29.

Edzwald, J. K., Becker, W. C., and Wattier, K. L. (1985). "Surrogate Parameters for Monitoring Organic Matter and THM Precursors." J. Amer. Water Works Assn., 77(4), 122-132.

Elimelech, M., and O'Melia, C. R. (1990). "Kinetics of deposition of colloidal particles in porous media." Environ. Sci. Technol., 24, 1528-1536.

Fernández, A., Huang, S., Seston, S., Xing, J., Hickey, R., Criddle, C., and Tiedje, J. (1999). "How Stable Is Stable? Function versus Community Composition " Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 65(8), 3697-3704.

Forster, C. F., and Quarmby, J. (1995). "The Physical Characteristics of Anaerobic Granular Sludges in Relation to Their Internal Architecture." Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 67, 103-110.

Fredrickson, A. G., and Stephanopoulos, G. (1981). "Microbial Competition." Science, 213(28), 972-979.

Gaston, K. J., and Chown, S. L. (2005). "Neutrality and the Niche." Functional Ecology, 19, 1-6.

Han, M., and Lawler, D. F. (1992). "The (Relative) Insignificance of G in Flocculation." J. Amer. Water Works Assn., 84(10), 79-91.

Heijnen, J. J., and Dijken., J. P. v. (1992). "In Search of a Thermodynamic Description of Biomass Yields for the Chemotrophic Growth of Microorganisms." Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 39, 833-858.

Hofman-Bang, J., Zheng, D., Westermann, P., Ahring, B. K., and Raskin, L. (2003). "Molecular Ecology of Anaerobic Reactor Systems." In: Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology, Springer Berlin / Heidelberg.

Janssen, D. B., Oppentocht, J. E., and Poelarends, G. J. (2001). "Microbial dehalogenation." Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 12(3), 254-258.

Jenkins, D. (1992). "Towards a comprehensive model of activated sludge bulking and foaming." Wat. Sci. Tech., 25(6), 213-230.

Kovárová-Kovar, K., and Egli, T. (1998). "Growth Kinetics of Suspended Microbial Cells: From Single-Substrate-Controlled Growth to Mixed-Substrate Kinetics " Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev., 62(3), 646-666.

Lau, A. O., Strom, P. F., and Jenkins, D. (1984a). "The Competitive Growth of Floc-Forming and Filamentous Bacteria: a Model for Activated Sludge Bulking." J. Water Poll. Con. Fed., 56(11), 52-61.

Lau, A. O., Strom, P. F., and Jenkins, D. (1984b). "Growth Kinetics of Sphaerotilus Natans and a Floc Former in Pure and Dual Continuous Culture." J. Water Poll. Con. Fed., 56(11), 41-51.

Lawrence, A. W. (1970). "Application of Process Kinetics to Design of Anaerobic Processes." In: Advances in Chemistry Series 105: Anaerobic Biological Treatment Processes, F. G. Pohland, ed., 163-190.

Lawrence, A. W., and McCarty, P. L. (1969). "Kinetics of methane fermentation in anaerobic treatment." J. Water Poll. Con. Fed., 41(2), R1-R17.

Lawrence, A. W., and McCarty, P. L. (1970). "Unified basis for biological treatment design and operation." Joural of the sanitary engineering division: proceedings of the American society of civil engineers, 757-777.

Leibold, M. A., and McPeek, M. A. (2006). "Coexistence of the Niche and Neutral Perspectives in Community Ecology." Ecology, 87(6), 1399-1410.

Lettinga, G. (1995). "Anaerobic digestion and wastewater treatment systems." Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 67, 3-28.

Lettinga, G. (2001). "Digestion and degradation, air for life." Water Sci. Technol., 44(8), 157-176.

Logan, B. E., and Regan, J. M. (2006). "Microbial fuel cells--challenges and applications." Environ. Sci. Technol., 40(17), 5172-5180.

Martinko, and Parker. (2002). Brock Biology of Microorganisms by Madigan, 10th Ed.

McCarty, P. L. (1964). "Anaerobic Waste Treatment Fundamentals." 95(9, 10, 11, 12), 107-112; 123-126; 191-194; 195-199

McCarty, P. L. (1971a). "Energetics and Bacterial Growth." In: Organic Compounds in Aquatic Environments, S. D. Faust and G. V. Hunter, eds., New York, 495-531.

McCarty, P. L. (1971b). "Energetics and Kinetics of Anaerobic Treatment." In: Advances in Chemistry Series 105: Anaerobic Biological Treatment Processes, F. G. Pohland, ed., 91-107.

McCarty, P. L. (2000). "Novel biological removal of hazardous chemicals at trace levels." Water Sci. Technol., 42(12), 49–60.

McCarty, P. L. (2001). "The development of anaerobic treatment and its future." Water Sci. Technol., 44(8), 149–156.

McCarty, P. L. (2007). "Thermodynamic Electron Equivalents Model for Bacterial Yield Prediction: Modifications and Comparative Evaluations." Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 97(2).

McCarty, P. L., and Lawrence, A. W. (1970). "Unified Basis for Biological Treatment Design and Operation." J. San. Engrg. Div., ASCE, 96(3), 757-778.

McCarty, P. L., and Smith, D. P. (1986). "Anaerobic wastewater treatment." Environ. Sci.Technol., 20(12), 1200-1206.

McKinney, R. E. (1962). "Mathematics of complete-mixing activated sludge." Joural of the sanitary engineering division: proceedings of the American society of civil engineers, 87-113.

McMahon, K. D., Martin, H. G., and Hugenholtz, P. (2007). "Integrating Ecology into Biotechnology." Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 18, 287–292.

Metcalf, and Eddy. (2003). Wastewater Engineering – Treatment and Reuse, 4th Ed.

Mino, T., Loosdrecht, M. C. v., and Heijnen, J. J. (1998). "Microbiology and Biochemistry of the Enhanced Biological Phosphate Removal Process." Wat. Res., 32(11), 3193-3207.

Morel, F. M. M., and Morgan, J. J. (1972). "A Numerical Method for Computing Equilibria in Aqueous Chemical Systems." Environ. Sci. Technol., 6, 58-67.

Nelson, and Cox. (2000). Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, 3rd Ed.

O'Connor, D. J. (1960). "Oxygen Balance of an Estuary." Jour. San. Engrg. Div., ASCE, 86(3), 35-55.

Palm, J. C., Jenkins, D., and Parker, D. S. (1980). "Relationship between organic loading, dissolved oxygen concentration and sludge settleability in the completely-mixed activated sludge process " J. Water Poll. Con. Fed., 52(10), 2484-2506.

Rajagopalan, R., and Tien, C. (1976). "Trajectory Analysis of Deep-Bed Filtration with the Sphere-in-cell Porous Media Model." AIChE Journal, 22, 523-533.

Raskin, L., Rittmann, B. E., and Stahl, D. A. (1996). "Competition and Coexistence of Sulfate-Reducing and Methanogenic Populations in Anaerobic Biofilms." Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 62(10), 3847-3857.

Rittmann, B. E. (1987). "Aerobic biological treatment." Environ. Sci. Technol., 21(2), 128-136.

Rittmann, B. E. (2006). "Microbial ecology to manage processes in environmental biotechnology." TRENDS in Biotechnology, 24(6), 261-266

Rittmann, B. E., Hausner, M., Löffler, F., Love, N. G., Muyzer, G., Okabe, S., Oerther, D. B., Peccia, J., Raskin, L., and Wagner, M. (2006). "A Vista for Microbial Ecology and Environmental Biotechnology." Environ.Sci.Technol., 40(4), 1096–1103.

Rittmann, B. E., and McCarty, P. L. (1980a). "Evaluation of steady-state-biofilm kinetics." Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 22, 2359-2373.

Rittmann, B. E., and McCarty, P. L. (1980b). "Model of steady-state-biofilm kinetics." Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 22, 2343-2357.

Rittmann, B. E., Smets, B. E., and Stahl, D. A. (1990a). "The role of genes in biological processes (Part 1 of a two-part article)." Environ. Sci. Technol., 24(1), 23-29.

Rittmann, B. E., Smets, B. E., and Stahl, D. A. (1990b). "The role of genes in biological processes (Part 2 of a two-part article)." Environ. Sci. Technol., 24(2), 162-169.

Schmidt, J. K., König, B., and Reichl, U. (2007). "Characterization of a three bacteria mixed culture in a chemostat: evaluation and application of a quantitative terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis for absolute and species specific cell enumeration." Biotechnol Bioeng., 96(4), 738-756.

Semprini, L. (1997). "Strategies for the aerobic co-metabolism of chlorinated solvents " Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 8(3), 296-308.

Seviour, R. J., Mino, T., and Onuki, M. (2003). "The Microbiology of Biological Phosphorus Removal in Activated Sludge Systems." FEMS Microbiology Reviews, 27, 99-127.

Sezgin, M., Jenkins, D., and Parker, D. S. (1978). "A Unified Theory of Filamentous Activated Sludge Bulking." J. Water Poll. Con. Fed., 50(2), 362-381.

Smets, B. E., Rittmann, B. E., and Stahl, D. A. (1990). "The role of genes in biological processes." Environ.Sci.Techno1., 24(2).

Sposito, G. (1981). "The Operational Definition of the Zero Point of Charge in Soils." Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 45, 292.

Stevens, A. A., and Symons, J. M. (1977). "Measurement of Trihalomethane and Precursor Concentration Changes." J. Amer. Water Works Assn., 69(10), 546.

Strom, P. F., and Jenkins, D. (1984). "Identification and significance of filamentous microorganisms in activated sludge." J. Water Poll. Con. Fed., 56, 449-459.

Stumm, W., and Morgan, J. J. (1962). "Chemical Aspects of Coagulation." J. Amer. Water Works Assn., 54(8), 971-992.

Stumm, W., and O'Melia, C. R. (1968). "Stoichiometry of Coagulation." J. Amer. Water Works Assn., 60(5), 514-539.

Thackston, E. L., and Krenkel, P. A. (1969). "Reaeration Prediction in Natural Streams." J. Sanit. Engrg. Div., ASCE, 95(1), 65-93.

Vogel, T. M., Criddle, C. S., and McCarty, P. L. (1987). "Transformations of halogenated aliphatic compounds " Environ. Sci. Technol., 21(8).

Wagner, M., and Loy, A. (2002). "Bacterial community composition and function in sewage treatment systems." Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 13, 218–227.

Wahlberg, E. J., and Keinath, T. M. (1998). "Development of Settling Flux Curves Using SVI." J. Water Poll. Con. Fed., 60(12), 2095-2100.

Wanner, J., and Grau, P. (1989). "Identification of filamentous microorganisms from activated sludge: a compromise between wishes, needs and possibilities." Wat. Res., 23(7), 883-891.

Weber, W. J., Jr., and Morris, J. C. (1963). "Kinetics of Adsorption on Carbon from Solution." J. San. Engrg. Div., ASCE.

Weber, W. J., Jr., and Morris, J. C. (1964). "Equilibria and Capacities for Adsorption on Carbon." J. San. Engrg. Div., ASCE.

Williamson, K., and McCarty, P. L. (1976a). "A Model of Substrate Utilization by Bacterial Films." J. Water Poll. Control Fed., 48(1), 9-24.

Williamson, K., and McCarty, P. L. (1976b). "Verification studies of the biofilm model for bacterial substrate utilization." J. Water Poll. Con. Fed., 48(2), 281-296.

Williamson, K. J., and McCarty, P. L. (1975). "Rapid measurement of Monod half-velocity coefficients for bacterial kinetics." Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 17, 915-924.

Xiao, J., and VanBriesen, J. M. (2005). "Expanded Thermodynamic Model for Microbial True Yield Prediction." Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 93(1), 110 - 121.

Yao, K.-M., Habibian, M. T., and O'Melia, C. R. (1971). "Water and Waste Water Filtration: Concepts and Applications." Environ. Sci. Technol., 5(11), 1105.

Zinna, M., Witholtb, B., and Egli, T. (2004). "Dual nutrient limited growth: models, experimental observations, and applications." 113, 263–279.